Lake Wivenhoe
| Lake Wivenhoe | |||||||||||
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| Coordinates | 27 ° 23 '38 " S , 152 ° 36' 28" E | ||||||||||
| Data on the structure | |||||||||||
| Construction time: | 1977-1985 | ||||||||||
| Height above valley floor: | 23 m | ||||||||||
| Height of the structure crown: | 79 m | ||||||||||
| Building volume: | 4th 140 000 m³ | ||||||||||
| Crown length: | 2 300 m | ||||||||||
| Power plant output: | 500 MW | ||||||||||
| Data on the reservoir | |||||||||||
| Altitude (at congestion destination ) | 65 m | ||||||||||
| Water surface | 109.4 km² | ||||||||||
| Reservoir length | 35 km | ||||||||||
| Reservoir width | 6 km | ||||||||||
| Total storage space : | 2,610 million m³ | ||||||||||
| Catchment area | 7th 020 km² | ||||||||||
The Wivenhoe Dam is a dam in the southeast of the Australian state of Queensland . The Wivenhoe Dam is located on the middle reaches of the Brisbane River just above the confluence of Locker Creek . It is approximately 23 km to the north-west of Ipswich . The driving distance from Brisbane city center is approximately 50 miles.
Lake Wivenhoe was planned in the early 1970s to prevent the flash floods common on the Brisbane River and as a water reservoir. The 1974 flooding of Brisbane highlighted the need for flood protection for cities in southeast Queensland. The lake also serves as a water reservoir for the Wivenhoe Power Station .
The Wivenhoe Dam is a gravity dam made of earth and rock and is 2.3 km long and 50 m high. It has a concrete run with five steel gates. The 12 m wide and 16.6 m high gates are among the largest of their kind in the world. The dam also has an emergency overflow that prevents overcrowding.
The reservoir has a storage volume of 2,610 million m³, of which 1,160 million m³ serve as drinking water storage. The surface at full damming is 109.4 km² and the length of the shoreline is 462 km. 200 lots were purchased to preserve the 337.5 km² of land needed for the dam and reservoir. The reservoir's hydrological catchment area is about 7,020 km² and receives an average rainfall of 940 mm / year. The volume of the reservoir is about twice that of the Port of Sydney and about seven times that of Advancetown Lake on the Nerang River on the Gold Coast . The Wivenhoe Dam also covers a portion of the water requirement of the Gold Coast.
purpose
The dam was built in response to the floods that destroyed Brisbane in 1974. It was built in the late 1970s and early 1980s for several purposes: In addition to flood protection, it also holds drinking water for Brisbane and the surrounding area and serves as the lower storage tank of a pumped storage power station , the Wivenhoe Power Station. The upper reservoir is Lake Atkinsons, about 30 km north-west of Ipswich with a capacity of 28.7 million m³ and a dam wall that is similar to that of the Wivenhoe Dam.
When the water level is normal, the reservoir also supplies the Tarong Power Station and the Tarong North Power Station via pipeline . In the event of a drought, however, it only supplies the water for the Tarong North Power Station.
construction
Wivenhoe was first considered as a dam site in 1890 and then again in 1933. Further research began in the mid-1960s. In November 1971, the government gave permission to begin preparations. The purchase of land for the reservoir began in March 1973. In 1976, the government granted approval for the pumped storage power plant. The total cost of the power plant project amounted to 450 million Australian dollars . The first building contract was awarded in March 1977. The dam was built by the Queensland Water Resources Commission .
In June 1983, the partially completed dam prevented a potentially dangerous flash flood that could have caused destruction equivalent to the great flood in Brisbane in 1893. In 1985 the construction work was completed.
Flood protection
At high tide, the reservoir can hold 1,450 million m³ of additional water or 225% of its basic capacity. According to the legally anchored water drainage plan, this water must be drained within 7 days after reaching the 100% filling level. Between April 2004 and September 2008 another emergency lowering with a three-chamber safety dam was built on the west side of the dam for improved flood protection. In 2007 a safety study showed that the Wivenhoe dam could not meet the ANCOLD regulations ( Australian National Committee on Large Dams ) for sufficient flood capacity.
January 2011
The largest ever recorded inflow into the reservoir occurred in January 2011. On January 11, 2011, Lake Wivenhoe reached its highest recorded water level, 191% and rising. He held back the water and so reduced the destruction downstream. Since it is a heaped gravity dam, it is not built for a water overflow over the crown. Such spill-over carries the risk of flooding that can ultimately lead to the collapse of the entire dam. To prevent this, the Wivenhoe dam received a second emergency overflow. In the high water peak, the water level reached a value of 60 cm below the emergency overflow.
Treated wastewater
In 2006, emergency plans for the additional discharge of treated wastewater from the Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme into the reservoir were announced. 60,000 m³ of treated wastewater should be discharged into the lake in early 2009. Increasing rainfall in 2008 and an outcry from the public ensured that these plans were shelved again.
fauna
The endangered Australian lungfish can be found in the reservoir . Anne Kemp, a University of Queensland scientist , believes there were about 800 specimens in the lake in 2010, but many were washed away when the outlets were opened. In addition, the number of food animals, such as molluscs and mussels , is not sufficient to feed the Australian lungfish in the lake.
Stable populations of the lungfish have lived in the reservoirs of southeast Queensland since 1896, which is more than 100 years. Originally these fish were only found in the river systems of the Mary River and the Burnett River . Because of the continued threat to their natural habitat, they were also used in other river systems, e.g. B. in that of the Brisbane River in the years 1895/1896. This approach improved the chances of survival of this species.
Recreational facilities
The Wivenhoe Dam also offers opportunities for camping and other recreational activities outdoors. Tents are available at Captain Logan Camp and Lumley Hill Camp . The guarded campsite at Captain Logan Camp has hot showers, toilets, and barbecue areas. Adjacent are playgrounds, a kiosk, a boat rental and a slipway for boats at Logan Inlet . More picnic areas are available at the Cormorant Bay, in Hamon Cove and at the Spillway Common .
free time activities
A special permit (Stocked Impoundment Permit) is required for sport fishing . Swimming is allowed without restrictions. Rowing and electric boats are also permitted, but pets are not permitted on or in the lake.
statistics
- Valley height: 23 m
- Crown height: 79 m
- Building volumes: 4 million m³ (rock fill) and 140,000 m³ (concrete)
- Drain valves: 2 × diameter 1.5 m
- Average annual evaporation: 1,872 mm
Web links
- Lake information for sport fishing on Lake Wivenhoe, with map (English)
- Wivenhoe Dam . SEQ Water
- Water levels of the reservoirs of SEQ Water (English)
swell
- Map of Lake Wivenhoe, QLD . Bonzle.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Wivenhoe and Somerset Dams . In: SEQ Water Grid . The Queensland Cabinet and Ministerial Directory. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ Wivenhoe Dam . In: seqwater.com . Archived from the original on February 19, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ Heritage Trails of the Great South East . Queensland Environmental Protection Agency. State of Queensland 2000. ISBN 0-7345-1008-X
- ^ A b c Col Dunn: The History of Electricity in Queensland . Col Dunn, Bundaberg 1985, ISBN 0 9589 229 0 X , p. 171 (accessed August 5, 2011).
- ^ John R. Cole: Shaping a city . William Brooks Queensland, Albion QLD 1984, ISBN 0855686197 , p. 316.
- ↑ a b Brigid Andersen: Wivenhoe Put to the Ultimate Test . In: ABC News Online , Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Jan. 11, 2011.
- ↑ Ursula Heger & Anna Caldwell: Parts of Brisbane Set to Flood as Water Released from Wivenhoe Dam Combines with High Tide . In: The Courier-Mail , Queensland Newspapers, October 14, 2010. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ In-Congress Technical Tours . International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research. Archived from the original on May 30, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- ↑ a b Rory Callinan: Engineers Reduce Dam Flow . In: The Australian , News Limited, January 13, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
- ↑ BoM Keeps Mum on January Forecast Flaws . In: Brisbane Times , Fairfax Media, March 8, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ↑ Controlled Releases at Wivenhoe Cut . In: Nine News , NineMSN, January 12, 2011. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ Greg Roberts: Warning over Recycled Water . In: The Courier-Mail , Queensland Newspapers, November 9, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ↑ Australian Lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) . In: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities . 2003. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
- ↑ Neoceratodus forsteri - Australian Lungfish, Queensland Lungfish . In: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities . Retrieved January 14, 2011.
- ^ Where Lungfish Are Found . In: Anne Kemps Lungfish . Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
- ↑ Tony Moore: Wivenhoe Lungfish Woes Follow Traveston Warnings . In: Brisbane Times , Fairfax Media, October 28, 2010. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ The Unique Australian Lungfish . In: Queensland Museum . Retrieved January 15, 2011.
- ↑ a b Lakes - Somerset, Wivenhoe and Atkinson . Somerset Regional Council. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ↑ Fishing in Queensland dams? You may need a permit . Government of Queensland ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Lake Wivenhoe . In: ourbrisbane.com . Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on April 14, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
