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The Land of Lippe was a country in northwest Germany. It followed the former Free State of Lippe in the British Zone and existed until it was incorporated into the State of North Rhine-Westphalia on January 21, 1947.
Land of Lippe (1945–1947)
Lippe was occupied by US troops in April 1945 and assigned to the British administrative zone when Germany was divided. The British military government appointed Heinrich Drake as state president (or prime minister) , the last democratic state president of Lippe until 1933. At the same time, he was at the head of Schaumburg-Lippe . Lippe did not enjoy full sovereignty in view of the British occupation and current occupation law . Both the state parliament ( appointed in 1946) and the state president (1945) were appointed by the military government and had to accept the dissolution of the country willy-nilly .
On November 23, 1946, the British military government decreed the unification of the states of Braunschweig , Hanover , Oldenburg and Schaumburg-Lippe to form the new state of Lower Saxony . Because of the attitude of the British military government, which wanted to form larger states with the reorganization of Germany, it became clear early on that the remaining Lippe-Detmold, the former Free State of Lippe, would not continue to exist as an independent country. Somewhat reluctantly, but with considerable negotiating skills under the leadership of the last Prime Minister Drake, the last remnants of state independence ended after more than 800 years.
Incorporation in North Rhine-Westphalia (1947/48)
After negotiations with the newly founded state of Lower Saxony as well as with the state of North Rhine-Westphalia that had existed since 1946, Lippe decided to integrate into North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), which was prepared to make further concessions and incentives for Lippe. The basis for this was agreed in the Lippe punctuation . The unification of the countries came into force on January 21, 1947 through Military Ordinance No. 77. On the same day, the Lippe state parliament in Detmold dissolved in a solemn final session in the presence of the highest representative of the British military government for North Rhine-Westphalia and sent four members to the state parliament in Düsseldorf . At the closing session, the British Regional Commissioner William Asbury promised that in a referendum within five years, the people of Lippe would have the opportunity to make a final decision. However, this referendum was never carried out.
On November 5, 1948, the "Law on the Unification of the State of Lippe-Detmold with the State of North Rhine-Westphalia" was passed by resolution of the state parliament in Düsseldorf, which finally regulated the incorporation. Lippe became part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
In the Lippe punctuation, in accordance with the Lippe tradition, the community school was agreed as the regular school. In the state constitution of 1950, however, denominational schools were permitted nationwide . Until the vote on the state constitution, an exception was made for the Lippe part of the country in a Lippe clause. In a referendum across North Rhine-Westphalia on June 18, 1950, the state constitution was adopted nationwide with a simple majority, but rejected in Lippe by a two-thirds majority. This means that denominational schools were basically permitted in Lippe. Before the vote, this connection provided the argumentative basis of the inner-Lippe opposition around Max Staercke against the connection to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Web links
- Digital collection of the Lippe State Library Detmold, subject area "Lippe"
- Lippe State Museum
- Rose country. Journal of Lippe History
- Guidelines for the admission of the state of Lippe to the area of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (Agreement between Prime Minister Dr. Amelunxen and State President Drake, "Lippische Punktation" on January 17, 1947)
literature
- Erich Kittel: History of the state of Lippe. Home chronicles of the districts Detmold and Lippe (= home chronicles of the cities and districts of the federal territory . Volume 18 ). Archive for German home care, 1957, ZDB -ID 749758-1 .
- Wolfgang J. Neumann: The Lippe state. Where he came from - where he went . Neumann, Lemgo 2008, ISBN 978-3-9811814-7-0 .
Individual evidence
- ^ State government of North Rhine-Westphalia: Ceremony 60th anniversary of the affiliation of the state of Lippe to North Rhine-Westphalia
- ↑ a b Internet portal "Westphalian history": Minutes of the "solemn final session" of the Lippe state parliament on the occasion of its self-dissolution in the context of the annexation to North Rhine-Westphalia in the state parliament in Detmold on January 21, 1947
- ↑ Announcement of the British Military Ordinance No. 77 of January 21, 1947 (PDF; 476 kB), reproduced in the lwl.org portal of the Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association, accessed on February 3, 2012
- ^ Hermann Niebuhr, in: Anselm Faust in connection with Norbert Andernach and Dieter Lück (editor): North Rhine-Westphalia State History in the Lexicon . On behalf of the Ministry of Culture of North Rhine-Westphalia. In: State Archives North Rhine-Westphalia (Ed.): Publications of the State Archives of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Series C: Sources and research . tape 31 . Patmos, Düsseldorf 1993, ISBN 3-491-34230-9 . , P. 282
Coordinates: 51 ° 56 '9.9 " N , 8 ° 52' 38.3" E