Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe

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Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe
coat of arms flag
Coat of arms of the Free State Country flag
Situation in the German Reich
Weimar Republic - Schaumburg Lippe (1925) .svg
Arose from Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
Incorporated into Lower Saxony
Data from 1933
State capital Buckeburg
Form of government Parliamentary democracy
Head of state State Presidium
Constitution February 24, 1922
Consist 1918-1947
surface 340 km²
Residents 48,046 (1925)
Population density 141 inhabitants per km²
Religions 94.2% Protestant
4.8% Catholic
Reichsrat 1 vote
License Plate SL
administration 2 circles
map
Principality and Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe 1807–1945

The Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe was an independent German state in the German Empire from 1918 to 1946 .

history

prehistory

Schaumburg-Lippe was created in 1647 through the division of the county of Schaumburg under the House of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , the Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel and the Counts of Lippe . The existence of the small territory of Grafschaft Schaumburg-Lippe was difficult from the start. Facilities were initially used jointly with the Hessian part, the Grafschaft Schaumburg. Territorial independence was always endangered by the Hessian landgraves. This is one of the reasons why Count Wilhelm (r. 1748–1777) developed a specific form of national defense, but also caused the small state to become overindebted.

Under Count Georg Wilhelm (1784-1860), Schaumburg-Lippe became part of the Napoleonic dominated Rhine Confederation (1807). In 1815 it was elevated to a principality and joined the German Confederation and after 1871 became a federal state of the German Empire. After the First World War, Prince Adolf II zu Schaumburg-Lippe renounced his throne on November 15, 1918 ( November Revolution ) as one of the last remaining monarchs in Germany . The government was taken over for the "federal state of Schaumburg-Lippe until the final reorganization of the situation by the workers and soldiers' council in Bückeburg" .

After the First World War

After the First World War , Schaumburg-Lippe became a free state within the Weimar Republic . The provisional constitution of the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe of March 14, 1919 was followed by the constitution of the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe of 1922.
In Schaumburg-Lippe, the SPD was always the strongest parliamentary group in the state parliament, and by March 1933 it formed a coalition government with the ability to govern German state party . In a referendum in 1926, the population rejected the country's annexation to Prussia, which was favored by the state government. Another attempt at the Anschluss failed in the Landtag in 1930 due to the necessary two-thirds majority.

The election results are described in the article Landtag of the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe .

Administratively, the state of Schaumburg-Lippe consisted of the districts of Bückeburg and Stadthagen , to which the independent cities of Bückeburg and Stadthagen were incorporated in 1934 .

Since the Second World War

With the ordinance No. 46 of the British military government of August 23, 1946, "concerning the dissolution of the provinces of the former Prussia in the British zone and their new formation as independent states", the state of Hanover received its legal basis.

On November 23, 1946, the British military government approved the unification of the states of Braunschweig (with the exception of the eastern part of the Blankenburg district and the Calvörde exclave of the Helmstedt district , which fell under the Soviet occupation zone and were integrated into the state of Saxony-Anhalt ), Hanover ( with the exception of the Neuhaus office , which fell under the Soviet occupation zone and was not re-incorporated into Lower Saxony until 1993 ), Oldenburg and Schaumburg-Lippe to form the new state of Lower Saxony. In 1946 the two districts were combined to form the district of Schaumburg-Lippe with the district town of Stadthagen . A referendum of January 19, 1975 to restore the former country (according to Article 29 of the Basic Law ) was rejected by the federal legislature despite a positive outcome.

In the reorganization of districts in Lower Saxony, the district on August 1, 1977 with the was Grafschaft Schaumburg (district town Rinteln) - the since 1647 to Hesse-Kassel , from 1866 to the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau for and until 1932 Province of Hanover had heard - united to form the new district of Schaumburg (district town of Stadthagen ). The city of Hessisch Oldendorf became part of the Hameln-Pyrmont district . This means that many of the areas that were Schaumburg until around 1647 are now under uniform administration again (but no longer Steinhude, Großenheidorn and the Schaumburg offices of Lauenau and Bokeloh , which were already assigned to the Principality of Calenberg after 1640 , and also no longer Hessisch Oldendorf).

State organization

According to the constitution of the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe of 1922, the legislative power lay essentially with the state parliament, which consisted of 15 members who were elected for three years by proportional representation. The state government elected by the state parliament was responsible for the executive power, which was a college of five members, two of whom were full-time and three part-time. The full-time chairman of the state government held the title Council of State . The internal administration was divided into the districts of Bückeburg and Stadthagen and the cities of Bückeburg and Stadthagen. In 1933 there were 34 communities and 3 community-free manor districts in the Bückeburg district, in the Stadthagen district there were 32 communities and 5 community-free manor districts in addition to the areas of Hagenburg and Steinhude am Meer. Jurisdiction in the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe was incumbent on two local courts ( Stadthagen and Bückeburg ), a regional court ( Regional Court of Bückeburg ) and the Prussian Higher Regional Court in Celle , which was also responsible for Schaumburg-Lippe by virtue of the state treaty.

Heads of government

population

The 340.2 km² Free State had 50,669 inhabitants in 1934 and 54,162 in 1939.

religion

The members of the Princely House and the overwhelming majority of the residents were Protestants (98.2 percent), the members of the House of Schaumburg-Lippe belong to the Reformed Church ; most of the Protestants in the country were Lutherans . Catholics (1.3 percent) and Jews (0.4 percent) were minorities.

The regional church still has its own bishop and is one of the wealthiest regional churches in Lower Saxony.

literature

  • Hubert Höing (ed.): From the corporate state to a free-democratic republic. Stages in Schaumburg . Knoth, Melle 1995, ISBN 3-88368-277-2 ( Schaumburger Studies 55)
  • Frank Werner (Ed.): Schaumburg National Socialists. Perpetrators, accomplices, profiteers. 2nd edition, Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld, 2010

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Constitution of the State of Schaumburg-Lippe of February 24, 1922
  2. ↑ Dieter Brosius: From the monarchy to the republic. The foundation of the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe. in: Schaumburg-Lippische Mitteilungen 19 (1968), pp. 47-60
  3. ^ Paper, Hans-Jürgen: Greetings on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Lower Saxony State Court on July 15, 2005 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet Checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.staatsgerichtshof.niedersachsen.de

Web links

Commons : Schaumburg-Lippe  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Schaumburg  - Sources and full texts