Landl (Upper Austria)
The Landl was a historical region in Upper Austria which today roughly corresponds to the Hausruckviertel .
Landl in the real sense was used until the 16th century to refer to the possessions of the Counts of Schaunberg , who owned territories from the Danube to Hausruck and who had their ancestral seat at Schaunberg Castle in what is now the Eferding district. Parts of today's political districts of Eferding , Grieskirchen , Wels Land , Vöcklabruck and Gmunden belonged to the Schaunberger Landl.
history
The Schaunbergers mentioned in a document as early as 1316 spoke of this territory as "terra nostra"; It was a county with its own land law and thus had a special position in the Duchy of Austria above the Enns, which meant that it only belonged indirectly to the Habsburg sphere of influence. In most legal matters, the Schaunbergers were only directly subordinate to the emperor ( imperial immediacy ) and not dependent on the Austrian duke. From 1404, however, the Austrian duke and the emperor were mostly one and the same person from the House of Habsburg, which again put this independence into perspective.
Nevertheless, the Schaunburger Landl retained a certain degree of independence until the 16th century and partially acted as a buffer state between the Habsburg possessions and Bavaria as well as the Archdiocese of Salzburg, because the Innviertel belonged to Bavaria with interruptions until 1814/15.
Only under the emperors Friedrich III. and Maximilian I succeeded the Habsburgs in finally curtailing the Schaunberg special rights; In 1548 the Schaunbergers, who became Lutheran during the Reformation, lost their imperial status and in 1559 they died out with Count Wolfgang von Schaunberg and were inherited by the Starhembergers through his sister Anna .
The Landler
The term "Landl" was in use until the 18th century and at that time generally referred to all areas west of the Traun and east of the Innviertel. The name of the Protestants who transmigrated to Transylvania during the Counter-Reformation under Charles II and Maria Theresa, i.e. who were forcibly resettled, and who still call themselves Landler after their home region, derives from this designation .
The Landl today
In Upper Austria, the terms "Landl" for the Hausruckviertel and "Landler" for its residents were almost completely forgotten after the baroque period and are no longer used today. So it is still not clear whether the Landler folk dance takes its name from the Upper Austrian Landl. It could also be an exonym that the neighboring Innviertel residents gave this dance and which is still widespread there today.
Personalities
- Johann Georg Achbauer the Elder Ä. († 1683), master builder working in Bohemia
literature
- Hans Commenda: Volkstum im Landl during the Biedermeier period. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. 113th Volume, Linz 1968, p. 159 ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at)