Landwerk Neuendorf

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Memorial plaque for the Jewish workers' colony, training and Hachschara site on Gut Neuendorf

The Neuendorf Landwerk was a Jewish workers' colony and training center founded in 1932 on Gut Neuendorf in Brandenburg . It served numerous young people for professional and cultural preparation for their emigration from Germany. Neuendorf had been a Nazi forced camp since 1941.

history

The Neuendorf Landwerk was commissioned in 1932 as a Jewish workers' colony and training facility on Gut Neuendorf in Brandenburg. The supporting association was the Jüdische Arbeitshilfe e. V. (Landwerk Neuendorf) in Berlin, which, with the support of the Prussian Ministry of Welfare and the Prussian State Association of Jewish Communities, took over the estate from its owner Hermann Müller. Soon after its establishment, the farm provided 50 places for young unemployed people as part of the so-called voluntary labor service .

After 1933, the Landwerk played an important role in the training and restructuring of the Jewish young people who were systematically displaced from economic life in Germany, and more and more, supported by the Hechaluz organization , served their Hachshara to enable their emigration, as part of the youth Aliyah . Around 1200 young people completed their training between 1932 and 1938 and then went to Palestine in particular, but also to Argentina and other countries. Alexander Moch was the manager of the farm from 1932 to 1938.

Since 1941 Neuendorf was a Nazi forced labor and assembly camp for deportations. The later television presenter Hans Rosenthal had to do forced labor there, and the Montessori teacher Clara Grunwald worked there as an educator until she was deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp and murdered there. Their fate was shared by the last 60 young people who remained, as well as another 30 adults from the estate who were murdered in various German killing centers.

Esther Bejarano experienced the estate both as a training facility and as a forced labor camp. How important agricultural training could be in individual cases is shown by the letter from a young woman from Leer (East Friesland) , who was refused by a consul in the Netherlands to travel to Argentina on the pretext that she did not have such training, but her husband did her brother-in-law through the farm.

After 1945

After the war, the state made Gut Neuendorf a national estate . His last administrator, Georg Weilbach, put a plaque on the palace building in the perestroika year of 1988, reminding of the Hachschara period. After his death, his wife, Ruth Weilbach, continued researching that part of the estate's history.

In the summer of 2009, the “LandKunstLeben” project from Steinhöfel's Buchholz district organized an exhibition “Hachschara - revisited” in the estate. She showed u. a. Photos by Herbert Sonnenfeld from 1934 about life in school.

In the summer of 2017, the Neuendorf Culture Barn organized an exhibition on the “Jewish Landwerk Neuendorf” under the title between space - between home & exile - between hope & despair . In the exhibition, sixteen résumés were exemplarily traced, with Clara Grunwald in particular being commemorated on the occasion of her 140th birthday.

On June 20, 2018, a memorial to Jutta Cotton was unveiled in front of the manor. It is an example of the 159 former Hachschara schoolchildren who were unable to emigrate and who were deported to Auschwitz and murdered in 1943.

In October 2018, the ZuSaNe eV project acquired the estate from the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks (BimA).

See also

literature

  • Landwerk Neuendorf. In: "Jewish welfare and social policy." Journal of the Central Welfare Office of the Jews in Germany and the "Main Office for Jewish Migrant Welfare and Work Records", Vol. 3, 1932, Berlin-Charlottenburg, pp. 257–260 online,
  • Kurt Lichtenstein: The Jewish labor camp in Neuendorf. In: "Jüdische Wohlfahrtspflege und Sozialpolitik", Jg. 4, 1933/1934, p. 35
  • Anneliese-Ora Aloni-Borinski: Memoirs 1940 - 1943. Nördlingen 1970
  • Hans Rosenthal: Two lives in Germany. Bergisch Gladbach 1982, pp. 39-48
  • "And yet I like life". The letters of Clara Grunwald 1941–1943. Mannheim 1985
  • Harald Lordick: Landwerk Neuendorf in Brandenburg: Jewish training center, Hachschara camp, Nazi forced camp - memorial? In: Kalonymos 20 (2017), No. 2, pp. 7-12. With photos. online as PDF

Web links

  • Save Neuendorf! Future for the History of the Hachshara Movement in Germany , by Stella Hindemith, Benno Plassmann, June 13, 2017 (with numerous current photos, including the large-format plaque for Clara Grunwald)
  • More details about Gut Neudorf, the sponsoring association and more. A project by the Potsdam University of Applied Sciences : Hachschara in Brandenburg. Preparing young Jews to emigrate from Germany
  • Landwerk Neuendorf, as well as the other Hachschara-Lager Winkel, on the biography of Martin Gerson , the head of Neuendorf from 1941 to the end, and on Clara Grunwald. Extensive literature list. A site of the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation
  • Landwerk Neuendorf , inventory of the Jewish Museum Berlin : photos of the farm work, an invoice, a bundle of drawings "Young Jews for Haschara" by Leo Prochownik
  • Exhibition : Landwerk Neuendorf. A Jewish hachshara and forced labor camp, Neuendorf im Sande 1932-1943 , May - June 2016, designed by the "Kulturscheune Neuendorf im Sande", located within sight of the estate
  • Together in Neuendorf SANDE eV is the association that acquired the site in October 2018
  • History has a future - Neuendorf im Sande eV is an association founded in October 2018, which is dedicated to the on-site processing and documentation of the history of the land and organizes events and exhibitions

notes

  1. ^ According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum , quoted in: Francis R. Nicosia: Zionism and Anti-Semitism in Nazi Germany, Cambridge 2008, p. 222.
  2. ^ Archive pedagogical contact point: Liesel Aussen, 7 years old, murdered in Sobibor ... life and suffering of Jewish citizens of the city of Leer during the Nazi era. P. 89f., Spelling mistake "Landwrk".
  3. ↑ The board does not reflect the current state of knowledge about the Jewish Neuendorf farm.
  4. ↑ Hachshara revisited , the daily newspaper , August 19, 2009
  5. ^ Program of the Neuendorf Culture Barn
  6. ↑ Unveiling of the monument for Jutta Cotton . A detailed report on the history of this monument and the Neuendorf Landwerk can be found in the daily newspaper of July 28, 2018: Uta Schleiermacher: Monument for Hachschara-Landgut
  7. ↑ A place of remembrance that commemorates dreams fulfilled and shattered , Der Tagesspiegel , September 22, 2019
  8. ↑ in the page display is in the bar below 640, when viewing double pages. The title of the Zs. (1930 - 1938) changed over time
  9. ↑ Not identical to the person in the lemma of the same name
  10. ↑ Web link as before, page display in the bar below 779

Coordinates: 52 ° 23 ′ 51.8 "  N , 14 ° 6 ′ 1.8"  E