Vine flat pea

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Vine flat pea
Vine pea (Lathyrus aphaca)

Vine pea ( Lathyrus aphaca )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Vine flat pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus aphaca
L.

The vine pea ( Lathyrus aphaca ) is a species of the common pea ( Lathyrus ) in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae). It mainly blooms from May to July.

description

Stipule
blossom

The shoots of this annual herbaceous plant are completely bare and mostly gray-green in color. The stem is ascending or climbing, 10 to 40 cm long, simple or knotty, thin and square but wingless.

development

In this strange plant, which consists practically only of stipules and tendrils, when germinating after the cotyledons that remain in the ground, first simple primary leaves appear in the form of first unarticulated, then three-pointed green scales. This is followed by foliage leaves with small asymmetrical stipules and 1 pair of pinnate leaves, then those with stunted leaves and finally those with a blade that has been reduced to the tendril. These have very enlarged, almost symmetrical stipules.

leaves

The lower foliage leaves are limited to the stipules that are often more or less connected at the base, the middle and upper leaves are usually limited to the large stipules and a single or two-columned tendril approx. 3 to 6 cm long. The stipules are opposite, ovate-spike-shaped, more or less 1 to 3 cm long and about 0.6 to 0.75 times as wide. They are blunt to pointed, have 2 spreading ears and have numerous, thin, mostly parallel nerves.

Flowers and fruits

Lathyrus aphaca ( Herbarium document)
Vine pea ( Lathyrus aphaca )

The inflorescences are 1 (rarely also 2) -flower and about twice as long as the stipules. The flowers are about 10 mm long (6 - 12 mm), sit on short stalks in the axils of a bract that has been reduced to a tiny scale and are protruding or nodding. The calyx is pale green with a short tube and two to three times as long, lanceolate, hardly different teeth. The crown is golden yellow, more rarely light yellow; it is at most twice as long as the chalice. The flag of the butterfly flower is weakly edged, often veined violet at the bottom and a little longer than the wings and the whitish, upwardly curved boat .

The legumes are upright, 2 to 3 cm long and 4 to 6 mm wide, often slightly curved and fairly flat. They are smooth and greenish-brown in color. The seeds are flattened egg-shaped, 3 to 4 mm long, smooth, brown to black and usually with gray frost. The vine pea is not suitable as a forage plant, as its seeds are poisonous.

The species has chromosome numbers 2n = 14.

Distribution and locations

The species is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean area , the Balkans and from Asia Minor to India . Lathyrus aphaca is also found adventively in Central Europe, France and England. It is a Mediterranean-sub-Mediterranean floral element. The tendril flat pea is only found more frequently in southwest Germany. In other areas mostly only temporarily introduced and rarely. In Bavaria it can only be found in the north-west: (" Frankenhöhe ").

The tendril flat pea grows in summer grain, clover and vetch fields, on fields, in gardens, in ruderal areas. It thrives on both lime-rich and lime-poor soils. In terms of plant sociology, it is a character species of the Apero-Lathyretum aphacae (Caucalidion-lappulae association) in Central Europe; but it also occurs in the borders of the Origanetalia order.

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

supporting documents

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 618.

Web links

Commons : vine pea ( Lathyrus aphaca )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files