Latinization

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Latinization denotes:

  • The adaptation of foreign language, often Greek words to the Latin of classical antiquity by the Romans themselves. For example, the ancient Greek χρυσόλιθος chrysólithos ' gold topaz ' (from χρυσός chrysós 'gold' and λίθος líthos 'stone') was latinized to chrysolithos in antiquity .
  • Later, especially since the Middle Ages, the conversion of terms from the mother tongue into the Latin language, mostly for the purpose of international understanding. Important examples are the biological nomenclature of species or medical terms in Europe.
  • Latinization of personal names : In humanism, the change of surnames , to linguistically differentiate from the Middle Ages and to be based on Latin late antiquity . This could be done in two ways: on the one hand by adding a Latin suffix (like Berg zu Bergius ), on the other hand by translating the term: Bauer zu Agricola; Merchant or shopkeeper to Mercator or Institor ; Müller or Möller to Molitor; Blacksmith at Fabricius ; Baker to Pistorius ; Tailor to Sartorius ; Fisherman to piscator ; Weber to Textor ; Johann Georg Turmair from Abensberg to Johannes Aventinus ("The Abensberger") .
  • The partial alignment of smaller churches and their rites with the Roman rite of the Catholic Church. This was particularly true of today's United Churches .
  • the Latinization in the Soviet Union , the non-Latin scripts or unwritten languages were replaced by Latin scripts in.

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Latinize  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Latinization  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Gemoll : Greek-German school and hand dictionary. Munich / Vienna 1965.
  2. Erich Pertsch: Langenscheidts Large School Dictionary Latin-German. Langenscheidt, Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-468-07201-5 .
  3. Jörn Happel : Review of: Frings, Andreas: Soviet writing policy between 1917 and 1941. An action-theoretical analysis . In: H-Soz-Kult , August 8, 2008, Stuttgart 2007.