Lawrence Krader

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Lawrence Krader (born December 9, 1919 in New York City , † November 15, 1998 ) was an eminent socialist American anthropologist and ethnologist . Major works dealt with the origin of the state, the Asian mode of production and the ethnological notes of Karl Marx.

Life

From 1936 on he studied philosophy at the City College of New York , with Abraham Edel, Philipp P. Wiener , Alfred Tarski and Rudolf Carnap . He studied anthropology with Franz Boas . He graduated in 1941 (BA) with honors. When the war broke out he went to the merchant navy. In Leningrad he learned Russian. After the war he studied linguistics at Columbia University with two of the most important linguists, Roman Jakobson and André Martinet . The development of his views on the anthropological theory of evolution and contact with Karl Korsch and Karl August Wittfogel led to an intensive study of the nomads of Inner Asia. He moved to the Institute for Far Eastern Studies in Seattle, Washington, Wittfogels University. Krader was Wittfogel's assistant from 1948 to 1951. From 1952 he teaches linguistics at Harvard at the Center for Russian Studies. He received his doctorate there in 1954 with a thesis on kinship systems of the Altai-speaking steppe inhabitants of Asia. 1953 to 1956 he taught at the American University in Washington, DC From 1956 to 1958 he held a professorship in anthropology and the directorate of the Nomadism Program at the University of Syracuse , then headed the China Population Program at the Bureau of Census of the United States Presidency of the Anthropological Society of Washington (1957–59) and full professorship at American University (Washington, DC) 1958–1963.

Krader was the representative for ethnology and anthropology in the Social Science Council and Human Science Council (UNESCO), head of the anthropological section of the department for sociology and anthropology at City College in New York, chairman of the department for sociology and anthropology at the University of Waterloo in Ontario ( Canada), where he was professor from 1970 to 1972, member of the Committee on Foreign Relations at the National Academy of Sciences and the Committee on Ecology at the National Research Council (Washington, DC) and from 1964 to 1978 Secretary General of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences. The National Science Foundation sponsored Krader's work on the origin of the state, research on the origin of the theory of evolution was supported by the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam from 1963 to 1975 .

In 1972, Lawrence Krader accepted a call from the University of Waterloo , in Canada, to Berlin, and became a full professor at the Institute for Ethnology at the Free University, which he was director of until 1982 in very difficult times.

He is the editor of the handwritten ethnological excerpts from Karl Marx , which are located in Amsterdam , from which his study of the works of Lewis Henry Morgan , John Budd Phear , Henry Sumner Maine and John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury has become more accessible. Marx excerpted and commented on their writings from 1879 to 1882.

Dittmar Schorkowitz published a commemorative publication for his 75th birthday.

Works

  • Peoples of Central Asia , Indiana University Press (= Uralic and Altaic Series , Vol. 20), Bloomington, u. a., 1963.
  • Social Organization of the Mongol-Turkic Pastoral Nomads , Mouton, 's-Gravenhage, 1963.
  • (Ed.) Anthropology and Early Law. Selected from the writings of Paul Vinogradoff, Frederic W. Maitland , Frederick Pollock , Maxime Kovalevsky, Rudolf Huebner, Frederic Seebohm . Basic Books, 1966.
  • Formation of the State ( Foundations of Modern Anthropology Series ) Prentice-Hall, 1968.
  • The Ethnological Notebooks of Karl Marx (Studies of Morgan, Phear, Maine, Lubbock), Van Gorcum, Assen, 1972. ISBN 90-232-0924-9
    • Karl Marx, the ethnological excerpts . ed. by L. Krader, trans. by Angelika Schweikhart, Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt a. M. 1976. (= Edition suhrkamp , No. 800)
  • Ethnology and anthropology in Marx . Hanser, Munich, 1973.
  • The Asiatic Mode of Production. Sources, Development and Critique in the Writings of Karl Marx , Van Gorcum, Assen, 1975.
  • A Treatise of Social Labor , Van Gorcum, Assen (= Dialectic and Society , 5), 1979.
  • (Preface) Karl Marx: The technological-scientific excerpts. Historical-critical edition , transcribed and edited by Hans-Peter Müller. With a foreword by Lawrence Krader. Ullstein, Frankfurt a. M., 1982.
  • The beginnings of capitalism in Central Europe . Lang, Frankfurt a. M., u. a., 1993.

literature

  • Dittmar Schorkowitz (Ed.): Ethnohistorischewege and apprenticeship years of a philosopher: Festschrift for Lawrence Krader on his 75th birthday , (Frankfurt a. M. / Berlin / Bern / New York / Paris / Vienna: Peter Lang, 1995) - Contains a biographical Foreword and a list of scriptures.
  • Peter Skalnik, Authentic Marx and Anthropology: The Dialectic of Lawrence Krader in: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde , Deel 136, 1980, p. 136f. ( Online )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ the information on the biography according to Schorkowitz (1995), pp. 5- 23
  2. ↑ Peter Skalnik, Authentic Marx and Anthropology: The dialectic of Lawrence Krader , Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde , Deel 136, 1980, pp. 136-137

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Krader, Lawrence
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American anthropologist and ethnologist
DATE OF BIRTH December 9, 1919
PLACE OF BIRTH New York City
DATE OF DEATH November 15, 1998