Loan book

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A leh (e) n (s) book is an official book from the feudal system in which the fiefs issued by a secular or spiritual authority are listed in full or for a specific region.

Notation

There is no standard spelling for the term. Probably the oldest form is the fief book . Just as Lehen and Lehn are used side by side, Lehnbuch also occurs as an older form. According to the meaning as a book of fiefs , today's authors also use the forms fief book or fief book (according to fiefdom , etc.).

Development and forms

The first forerunners of the loan books developed in the Carolingian era from the obligation of the royal messengers to register the imperial feuds with the given formula NN habet in beneficio NN . This original form of recording after the feuding did not catch on at first, but disappeared for centuries.

Usually only from the 13th century were as regionally structured directories Urbare created in which it was at verlehnten Good with specified who the respective Belehnte. Something similar was noted in books of tradition or law firms . The frequently expressed research opinion that the loan books should generally be derived from the land registers is controversial. In any case, it became customary to include separate sections with the issued fiefs and their recipients in the land register. The own fiefs, with which the feudal lord was enfeoffed, were also summarized.

There are essentially two types of loan books to be distinguished. Those who record a state in short: Lehnsmann NN has to fiefdom object (s) NN, and those who are based on the lending act: Lehnsmann NN has received fiefdom object (s) NN. The latter are usually also dated and are then referred to as Lehnregister or Lehnaktregister. Mixed forms also often occur.

After it became customary in the 14th century to issue a deed, the feudal letter, about the enfeoffment, a third form, the feudal letter register, emerged. The text of the loan letter was entered there in full.

In the 15th century it was sometimes customary to upgrade the concise form of listing the enfeebled in the original form of the loan books by displaying the coats of arms of the men whose services one was entitled to. The so-called man book thus served to show own importance by the rank of the entourage and was designed accordingly consuming.

literature

  • Matthias Bader: The feudal system of Duke Heinrich XVI. of the rich of Bavaria-Landshut. A written-based study of the rule and administrative practice of a territorial principality in the first half of the 15th century ( Studies on the Bavarian Constitutional and Social History ; 30). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-7696-6660-1 .
  • Woldemar Lippert : The German loan books. A contribution to registers and feudal law of the Middle Ages. Leipzig 1903 ( archive.org ).
  • Karl-Heinz Spieß : Lehnbuch, Lehnregister. In: Concise dictionary of legal history . Volume 2, Berlin 1978, Sp. 1686-1688.
  • Joachim Wild : Written form in administration using the example of the fief books in Bavaria. In: Hagen Keller u. a. (Ed.): Writing and practical life in the Middle Ages. Capture, preserve, change ( Münster medieval writings ; 76). Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-7705-3365-8 , pp. 69-77.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lehenbuch. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 12 : L, M - (VI). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1885 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  2. ^ Joachim Wild: Written form in administration using the example of the fief books in Bavaria . In: Hagen Keller u. a. (Ed.): Writing and practical life in the Middle Ages. Capture, preserve, change ( Münster medieval writings ; 76). Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-7705-3365-8 , pp. 69-77, here p. 76.