Corpse

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In the late Middle Ages, the Leischaft (also laischaft ) was a self-governing organization in cities in the Westphalian region, primarily in Münster and Osnabrück ( Lower Saxony ). They are to be distinguished from the peasantry in Dortmund and from the shrine districts in Cologne .

Terminology

The term Leischaft is probably based on letscipi ( Old Saxon : peasantry ).

Elsewhere, the function of the corpse is assumed by the quarter, the community, the banner, the courtyard and the neighborhood.

The corporations emerged in the late Middle Ages and replaced the parish administrative unit . The corpses were often larger than the parish boundaries and radiated out to the neighboring urban area beyond the walls. They were named after church patrons, districts or the city gates.

They had no direct representation in the councils, but participated in the annual appointment of the councilors . Furthermore, they were responsible for judicial, military, security, extinguishing and taxation until modern times .

Laischaften in Osnabrück

In Osnabrück there existed in the Middle Ages corresponding to the four old town districts in the so-called Binnenburg and Butenburg, as they are called there; their number later grew to eight. They got their name after the city gates through which the cattle were driven to the pastures between the city fortifications and the Landwehr. The Osnabrück Laischaften were first mentioned in a document in 1348 in the Sate , the city constitution, from whose time Handgiftentag is celebrated in the city to this day . The more independent Osnabrück became, the more the pasture industry grew and the lords, canons, canons, etc., were increasingly taken out of their hands by the citizens and lay people. However, this was not without tension and violent arguments broke out. The Rampendalsche uprising in 1430, the Lenethun uprising in 1489 and the Oberg uprising in 1525 testify to a land question of who was in charge in the pastureland.

The Heger Laischaft and the Herrenteichslaischaft have survived in Osnabrück to this day. The lay holdings, which are now managed in the legal form of an association, manage, among other things, an extensive property in today's urban area. According to tradition, the chairmen of the association are still called accountants today.

The Heger Laischaft still organizes the Schnatgang , which became a traditional festival in the 19th century and is still associated with a seven-day festival every seven years.

Leischafts in Münster

Since the 14th century, there had been six corpses in Münster that functioned as administrative districts. These were the corpses Liebfrauen, Martini, Lamberti, Ludgeri and Aegidii, named after parishes , and the corpse Jüdefeld.

They influenced the composition of the city council, which until the middle of the 15th century consisted exclusively of heirs , the patricians of the city. After Hermann von Kerssenbrock , who was rector of the cathedral school from 1550 to 1575, the term heirmen denoted the estate's ability to inherit. Heirs (of which the Bischopinck , Droste zu Hülshoff and Kerckerinck families still exist today) lived on income from agriculture and pensions and inherited titles and rights, such as the right to have a coat of arms.

The council was elected on the first Monday after Lent began. Four corporations each elected two electors, designated electorates; the Leischaften Jüdefeld and Überwasser sent two spa comrades together. The members of the electorate in turn elected the councilors. For example, master craftsmen with civil rights, who had come together in guilds and, since 1410, to form the general guild, acted as members of the spa. In 1525, for example, the stone carver Heinrich Brabender represented the Martini body as a member of the cure, his son Johann Brabender in 1560.

The personal estimates of the corpses also provided information about the social status of residents of the city. Thus Andrea Alovisii , who lives in Münster Osnabrück court painter to the Prince Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg , 1676 from the Aegidii-Leischaft as high princely painter called; In 1685 after the death of the prince-bishop and the consequent loss of his position as well as his departure from the prestigious Prinzipalmarkt, he was only listed as a minor house-owning craft company in the personal appraisal of the Ludgeri-Leischaft .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller: Leischaft, Laischaft . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Volume 5, Col. 1862-1863.
  2. ↑ See sponsor: Herrenteichslaischaft Osnabrück ( Memento of the original from June 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.uni-osnabrueck.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in: University of Osnabrück newspaper , issue No. 96/6, December 10, 1996 (research, teaching, studies, p. 4).
  3. ^ Karl Kühling: Laischaften and Schnatgang . In: Heimat-Jahrbuch 1983. For Osnabrück Stadt und Land , p. 35; Heger laischaft . In: Osnabrücker Sonntagsblatt , July 15, 2001.
  4. ^ Heger Laischaft
  5. ^ Westphalian history
  6. ↑ Heger Laischaft Osnabrück - heger-laischafts Osnabrück. In: heger-laischaft.de. Retrieved June 24, 2016 .