Leningrad class

*Leningrad-* class
	Leningrad-class destroyer
Ship data
country	Soviet Union
Ship type	Flotilla leader
Construction period	1932 to 1940
Launch of the type ship	November 17, 1933
Units built	6th
period of service	1936 to 1958
Ship dimensions and crew
length	127.5 m ( Lüa )
width	11.7 m
Draft	Max. 4.06 m
displacement	Standard : 2,350 ts; maximum: 2,680 ts
crew	250-311 men
Machine system
machine	3 × water tube boilers; 3 × steam turbines
Machine ; performance	66,000 PS (48,543 kW)
Top ; speed	40 kn (74 km / h)
propeller	3
Armament
	5 × Sk 130 mm L / 50 B13 Pattern 1936 (5 × 1); 2 × Flak 76.2 mm model 1935 (34-K) (2 × 1); 2 × Flak 45 mm (21-K) (2 × 1); 8 × torpedo tube ⌀ 533 mm (2 × 4); 52 depth charges ; 68–115 sea mines ;
Sensors
	Arcture hydrophone

The Leningrad- class was the first class of six large destroyers for the Soviet Navy ( Russian Военно-Морской Флот СССР Vojenno-Morskoij flot SSSR ) in World War II . The ships were planned and built as flotilla leaders. It was the predecessor of the Tashkent class . Two ships of the class were lost during World War II.

Construction history

The first three ships of the Leningrad class were required as Project 1 in the first Soviet 5-year plan . The original plan was to build an enlarged version of the HMS Codrington - the flotilla leader of the British A-class . However, it was then decided to copy the French large destroyers of the Vauquelin class , as these were larger and faster and were also able to operate alone. At the time of construction began, the Leningrad-class ships were the largest ships built in Soviet shipyards. The project had to struggle with delays and development problems, also due to the overconfidence of Soviet shipbuilders. The Uragan class built earlier was only a third the size of the Leningrad class . The three ships required in the second 5-year plan ( Project 38 ) were slightly longer than those from Project 1 , but otherwise had the same construction and equipment.

Machine system

The Leningrad- class propulsion system consisted of three water-tube boilers and three steam turbines . These drove the three screws via three drive shafts. The machines performed 66,000 WPS . This enabled a maximum speed of up to 40 kn (about 74 km / h) to be achieved. The type ship Leningrad reached the top speed of 43 kn (about 80 km / h) on November 5, 1936 during a test run . The class was able to bunker 610 t of fuel and thus had a range of 2,100 nm (3,900 km) at 20 kn (about 37 km / h ).

The special thing about the construction was that both the three boiler rooms and the three turbine rooms were structurally separated from each other. The aim was to prevent the ship from being unable to maneuver in the event of a hit. Boiler and gear room 1 and 2 for the outer drive shafts were located under the front chimney, boiler and gear room 3 for the central drive shaft were behind the rear chimney.

Armament

The main artillery of the Leningrad class consisted of five 130 mm B13 model 1936 guns in a stand-alone configuration . This cannon could fire a 33.5 kilogram grenade over a maximum distance of 25,500 m. The guns could fire six to ten rounds per minute.

As anti-aircraft armament, the Leningrad- class had two 76.2 mm anti-aircraft guns Model 1935 (34-K) and two 45 mm anti-aircraft guns (21-K), each set up individually.

As torpedo armament, the destroyers had eight torpedo tubes in two groups of four for the Soviet 533 mm torpedoes. The Leningrad class carried 52 depth charges for anti -submarine defense . In addition, up to 115 sea mines could be carried.

Sensors

The Leningrad class had an Arcturic hydrophone . However, this was extremely limited, as the ship could smell of movement with a maximum of 3 knots when using the Arktur . In the course of the war, the ships of the class were equipped with British ASDIC sonar and radar-based fire control type 285. They received the SG aerial search radar from the USA .

units

Surname	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	Whereabouts
Leningrad class (project 1)
Leningrad	Severnaya Werf, Leningrad	November 5, 1932	November 17, 1933	December 5, 1936	Sunk as a target ship in May 1963.
Kharkov	Andre Marti, shipyard No. 198, Nikolayev	October 19, 1932	September 4, 1934	October 19, 1938	Sunk by German aircraft on October 6, 1943.
Moskva	Andre Marti, shipyard No. 198, Nikolayev	October 29, 1932	1934	August 10, 1938	Sank on June 26, 1941 after being hit by a mine.
Leningrad class (project 38)
Minsk	Severnaya Werf, Leningrad	October 5, 1934	November 6, 1935	February 15, 1939	Sunk by German aircraft on September 23, 1941, lifted and sunk as a target ship in 1958.
Baku	Andre Marti, Shipyard No. 198, Nikolayev (components) Shipyard No. 199, Komsomolsk-on-Amur (keel laying) Shipyard No. 202, Vladivostok (completion)	January 15, 1935 March 10, 1936 (keel laid again)	July 25, 1938	December 27, 1939	Canceled on November 30, 1963.
Tbilisi	Andre Marti, shipyard No. 198, Nikolaev shipyard No. 199, Komsomolsk-on-Amur	January 15, 1935	July 24, 1939	December 11, 1940	Canceled on January 31, 1964.

literature

Roger Chesneau: Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946. Conway Maritime Press, 2010, ISBN 0-85177-146-7 .
Mike J. Whitley: Destroyer in World War II. Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-613-01426-2 .
John Jordan, Jean Moulin: French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d'Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922–1956. Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley ISBN 978-1-84832-198-4 .
Siegfried Breyer: Soviet Warship Development: Volume 1: 1917-1937. Conway Maritime Press, London 1992, ISBN 0-85177-604-3 .
John Campbell: Naval Weapons of World War II. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 1985, ISBN 0-87021-459-4 .
Alexander Hill: Soviet Destroyers of World War II. Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2018, ISBN 978-1-4728-2256-7 .
Pawel Katschur: Гончие псы Красного флота. Ташкент, Баку, Ленинград. Jausa / Eksmo, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-699-31614-4 . (Russian)
Jürgen Rohwer : Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945: The Naval History of World War Two. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 2005, ISBN 1-59114-119-2 .
Jürgen Rohwer, Mikhail S. Monakov: Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet. Frank Cass, London 2001, ISBN 0-7146-4895-7 .
Vladimir Yakubov, Richard Worth: Raising the Red Banner: A Pictorial History of Stalin's Fleet. Spellmount, Gloucestershire 2008, ISBN 978-1-86227-450-1 .

Web links

Commons : Leningrad- class - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ 30 mm / 50 B13 Pattern 1936 gun data on navweaps.com. Retrieved December 18, 2019.

↑ 76.2 mm / 55 (3 ") 34-K Pattern 1935 Gun data on navweaps.com. Accessed December 18, 2019. (English)

↑ 45 mm / 46 (1.77 ") 21-K gun data on navweaps.com. Accessed December 18, 2019. (English)

↑ 533 mm (21 ") 53-36 torpedo data on navweaps.com. Accessed December 18, 2019. (English)

↑ Soviet Depth Charges Soviet depth charges on navweaps.com. Retrieved December 18, 2019.

↑ Russian Mines Russian mines on navweaps.com. Retrieved December 18, 2019.

[1] 30 mm / 50 B13 Pattern 1936 gun data on navweaps.com. Retrieved December 18, 2019.

[2] 76.2 mm / 55 (3 ") 34-K Pattern 1935 Gun data on navweaps.com. Accessed December 18, 2019. (English)

[3] 45 mm / 46 (1.77 ") 21-K gun data on navweaps.com. Accessed December 18, 2019. (English)