Moskva (ship, 1934)
 Destroyer Moskva
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The Moskva was a large destroyer of the Soviet Navy ( Russian Военно-Морской Флот СССР Wojenno-Morskoij flot SSSR ) in World War II . She was the third Leningrad-class ship (Project 1). The ship was lost on June 26, 1941 by a mine hit.
Construction history
The first three Leningrad-class ships were required in the first Soviet 5-year plan for Project 1 . The Moskva was the third of these ships. It was built at the Andre Marti shipyard, shipyard No. 198 in Nikolayev for the Black Sea Fleet . The keel was laid on October 29, 1932 and the launch in 1934. On August 10, 1938, it was put into service.
Machine system
The drive system of the Moskva consisted of three water tube boilers and three steam turbines . These drove the three screws via three drive shafts. The machines performed 66,000 WPS . This enabled a maximum speed of up to 40 kn (about 74 km / h) to be achieved. The Moskva could bunker 610 t of fuel and thus had a range of 2100 nm (3900 km) at 20 kn (about 37 km / h ).
The special thing about the construction was that both the three boiler rooms and the three turbine rooms were structurally separated from each other. The aim was to prevent the ship from being unable to maneuver in the event of a hit. Boiler and gear room 1 and 2 for the outer drive shafts were located under the front chimney, boiler and gear room 3 for the central drive shaft were behind the rear chimney.
Armament
The main artillery of the Moskva consisted of five 130-mm-L / 50-B13-Modell-1936 -guns in single formation. This cannon could fire a 33.5 kilogram grenade over a maximum distance of 25,500 m. The guns could fire six to ten rounds per minute.
As anti-aircraft armament, the Moskva had two 76.2 mm flak model 1935 (34-K) and two 45 mm flak (21-K), each set up individually.
As a torpedo armament, the Moskva had eight torpedo tubes in two groups of four for the Soviet 533 mm torpedoes. The Moskva carried 52 depth charges for anti -submarine defense . In addition, up to 115 sea mines could be carried.
Sensors
The Moskva had an Arcturic hydrophone . However, this was extremely limited since the ship itself in the use of the Arcturus dufte move kn with a maximum of third
Use and whereabouts
At the beginning of the war the Moskva was a flotilla leader of a destroyer unit in the Black Sea . The association should perform independent operations. She spent her first year maneuvering in the east of the sea. After the Romanian declaration of war, the Moskva was supposed to seize or sink the Romanian fleet, block the Romanian coast and be ready for a possible amphibious landing operation. For this she took part in a maneuver of the 9th Army near Tendra between June 4 and 19, 1941 .
On June 25, 1941 at 6:00 p.m. a combat group was supposed to leave the port of Sevastopol . The aim was to attack the port and the oil depot in Constanța . The destroyers Kharkov , Soobrasitelni and Smishleni were to carry out the attack, the heavy cruiser Voroshilov and the Moskva were to provide cover for the attackers. The attack should be preceded by a 30-minute air strike. Admiral Kuznetsov changed the plan of attack at short notice, so that the departure was delayed to 20:10. Now the Moskva and her sister ship Kharkov should carry out the attack and the other ships should provide cover.
On the morning of June 26, 1941, the two ships and their support group arrived off Constanța and began firing as planned from a distance of 20 km. The ships fired 196 projectiles at their targets within 10 minutes. Among other things, a train station, several oil tanks and an ammunition train were severely damaged. When the ships turned, they were shot at by German coastal artillery and the destroyers Regina Maria and Mărăşti . One projectile hit the Moskva at the main mast. Shortly thereafter, the ship ran on a Romanian face, broke in two and sank immediately. 69 crew members, including 11 officers and the commander Kapitänleutnant Alexander Tuchow, were rescued by Romanian speedboats and German Heinkel He 50 aircraft . Tuchow later fled from captivity and joined partisans. Later in the war he fell with the partisans.
The wreck of the Moskva was found by Romanian divers in 2011 at a depth of 40 m about 20 km from Constanța.
literature
- Mike J. Whitley: Destroyer in World War II. Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-613-01426-2 .
- Siegfried Breyer: Soviet Warship Development: Volume 1: 1917-1937. Conway Maritime Press, London 1992, ISBN 0-85177-604-3 .
- Alexander Hill: Soviet Destroyers of World War II. Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2018, ISBN 978-1-4728-2256-7 .
- Pawel Katschur: Гончие псы Красного флота. Ташкент, Баку, Ленинград. Jausa / Eksmo, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-699-31614-4 . (Russian)
- Jürgen Rohwer : Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945: The Naval History of World War Two. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 2005, ISBN 1-59114-119-2 .
- Jürgen Rohwer, Mikhail S. Monakov: Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet. Frank Cass, London 2001, ISBN 0-7146-4895-7 .
- Vladimir Yakubov, Richard Worth: Raising the Red Banner: A Pictorial History of Stalin's Fleet. Spellmount, Gloucestershire 2008, ISBN 978-1-86227-450-1 .
- Pierre Hervieux: The Romanian Navy at War, 1941-1945. Conway Maritime Press, London 2001, ISBN 0-85177-901-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 30 mm / 50 B13 Pattern 1936 gun data on navweaps.com. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ↑ 76.2 mm / 55 (3 ") 34-K Pattern 1935 Gun data on navweaps.com. Accessed December 18, 2019. (English)
- ↑ 45 mm / 46 (1.77 ") 21-K gun data on navweaps.com. Accessed December 18, 2019. (English)
- ↑ 533 mm (21 ") 53-36 torpedo data on navweaps.com. Accessed December 18, 2019. (English)
- ↑ Soviet Depth Charges Soviet depth charges on navweaps.com. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ↑ Russian Mines Russian mines on navweaps.com. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ↑ Pavel Katschur: Гончие псы Красного флота. Ташкент, Баку, Ленинград. Jausa / Eksmo, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-699-31614-4 , pp. 73-74. (Russian)
- ↑ Pavel Katschur: Гончие псы Красного флота. Ташкент, Баку, Ленинград. Jausa / Eksmo, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-699-31614-4 , p. 75. (Russian)
- ^ Pierre Hervieux: The Romanian Navy at War, 1941-1945. Conway Maritime Press, London 2001, ISBN 0-85177-901-8 , pp. 70-71.
- ↑ Pavel Katschur: Гончие псы Красного флота. Ташкент, Баку, Ленинград. Jausa / Eksmo, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-699-31614-4 , pp. 76-78. (Russian)
- ↑ Photo Aventură in Marea Neagră. Article with photo series by Mariana Iancu from October 5, 2014 on adevarul.ro. Retrieved February 25, 2020 (Romanian).