Leonia mammillaris
| Leonia mammillaris | ||||||||||||
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Leonia mammillaris mammillaris |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Leonia mammillaris | ||||||||||||
| ( Lamarck , 1822) |
Leonia mammillaris (often incorrectly spelled Leonia mamillaris ), also uncommonly called Moorish land snail , is a land-living snail - a species of the family of land snails (Pomatiidae) in the order of the Sorbeoconcha .
features
The case shows a slight gender dimorphism . The housings of the females are 18 to 20 mm high and 10 to 10.9 mm wide, those of the males are 14.9 to 16.2 mm high and 8.8 to 9.6 mm wide. They have 5.5 to 6 turns. The last turn is about half the total height of the case. The seam is clear, but not particularly deep. The protoconch is smooth and yellow in color. An indistinct brown colored line is formed under the seam. The ornamentation consists of little protruding radial and spiral lines that give the surface a fine reticulate pattern. The spaces between the spiral lines are more strongly broken by the radial lines (than the radial lines) and can almost disappear on the last turns of older specimens and on deadhouses. The mouth is egg-shaped with an angled upper corner. The inside of the mouth is yellowish in color. The mouth edge is continuous, thickened and whitish in color. It is folded over narrowly at the edge of the spindle and lies against the curve of the last turn. The navel is covered and only a narrow slit can be seen.
The surface is comparatively smooth. The basic color varies from white to light red-brown. Often there are dark spots (“flame structure”) below the seam. The calcified operculum sits roughly in the middle of the back of the foot and is pulled somewhat into the mouth when the animal withdraws into the housing. It is thick and convex on the outside. The color corresponds to the housing color. The nucleus is eccentric and partially covered on the outside by deposits. It has folds that are perpendicular to the edge.
In the male, the sex glands are located in the first turns, embedded and surrounded by the digestive gland. The sex glands consist of a series of tubes that branch out like trees. They unite in a ladder that merges into the spermatic duct. This is very tortuous and ends in the prostate. The prostate is thick and curved; The spermatic duct leads from the prostate to the penis. This is muscular and U-shaped. The proximal branch of the penis increases towards the top of the branch. The distal branch of the penis consists of two parts, the first part decreases very quickly over twice the thickness of the proximal branch and towards the second part it decreases very quickly. The second part is tubular and thin and ends in a comparatively very pointed manner.
In the female, the sex glands are also located in the upper convolutions, surrounded by the digestive gland. The ovaries are whitish and consist of a single, long tubular structure. The fallopian tube is thin, slightly twisted and opens into the receptaculum seminis, which is significantly thicker and slightly twisted. The head opens into the albumin gland and the subsequent capsular gland. The small spermathec lies against the albumin gland.
The radula consists of seven elements ("teeth") per transverse row, a central tooth, two lateral teeth (posterior tooth) and a marginal tooth (peripheral tooth). The central tooth is large and triangular. It has 5 to 8 denticles. The first lateral tooth is also triangular and has 4 to 5 denticles. The second lateral tooth is rectangular with 5 to 6 denticles. The marginal tooth is quite large (wide) and more or less rectangular. The denticles are concentrated in two groups, an inner group and an outer group. The inner group consists of 5 to 6 denticles, the outer group of 8 to 13 denticles.
Similar species
Leonia mammillaris is very similar to Leonia jolyi , but its housing is significantly larger and slimmer. In Leonia jolyi , the distal part of the penis is only slightly longer than the proximal part (in L. mammillaris more than twice as long). In Leonia jolyi , the thickness initially decreases in the distal part and then swells in a spherical shape. The tip is very short. In Leonia mammillaris , the first part is approximately the same thickness at first, the tip is drawn out very long. In Leonia jolyi's female genital tract, the spermathec is spherical and significantly larger. Differences between the two species can also be observed in the construction of the radula. While the differences in individual cases are not sufficient to reliably identify the species, the average values of the denticles of the individual teeth differ e.g. Sometimes significant.
Geographical distribution and occurrence
The distribution area of the species is mainly in the coastal regions from Algeria ( Oran Province ) to Morocco ( Rif Mountains ). In the north it extends on the Spanish Mediterranean coast up to the level of the Murcia region ( Isla del Barón in the salt water lagoon Mar Menor ).
The animals live under stones and in half- grass groves, in Mediterranean pine forests and bush vegetation on calcareous soils in sun-exposed locations.
Taxonomy
The taxon was first described in 1822 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck as Cyclostoma mammillaris . The species name often appears in the literature in the misspelling mamillaris . This name is not an emendation (intended change) and therefore not available ( nomen nullum ). The misspelling can still be found in Fauna Europaea.
An overlooked taxon from the vicinity of this taxon is Leonia mamillaris var. Turriculata Pallary, 1920 from Tazouta and Scoura in the Sefrou Province in the foothills of the Middle Atlas. The status of the taxon is unclear. Its location is remarkable in that it is very far inland.
supporting documents
literature
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
- Mará Rosario Alonso, Miguel Ibañez: Estudio anatomico y comparativo de Leonia mamillaris (Lamarck, 1822) y Leonia jolyi (Pallary, 1908) (Prosobranchia: Pomatiasidae). Lavori della Società Malacologica Italiana, 17-18: 253-268, 1981.
- Ruth Jesse, Errol Véla, Markus Pfenninger: Phylogeography of a Land Snail Suggests Trans-Mediterranean Neolithic Transport. PLoS ONE 6 (6): e20734, 2011 doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0020734
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5
On-line
Individual evidence
- ^ Fechter & Falkner (1990: p. 122)
- ↑ Luis Murillo: Moluscos terrestres de las islas e islotes del litoral de la Región de Murcia y Mar Menor (Sureste de la Península Ibérica). Noticiario SEM, 57: 62-66, 2012 PDF ( Memento of the original of June 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent; précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des caractères essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie. Tome sixième. 2me. lot. Pp. 1–232, Paris 1822 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org
- ↑ Fauna Europaea: Leonia mamillaris (Lamarck 1822)
- ↑ Paul Pallary: recoltes du capitaine malacologiques Paul Martel dans la partie du Maroc septentrionale. Journal de Conchyliologie, 65: 1-39, 131-160, Paris. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 140)
