Lithium titanium spinel

Crystal structure
	__ Li + / Ti 4+ __ Li + __ O 2−
General
Surname	Lithium titanium spinel
other names	LTO; Lithium titanium oxide; Tetralithium pentatitanium dodecaoxide; Lithium titanate spinel; Lithium titanate spinel;
Ratio formula	Li 4 Ti 5 O 12
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	619-916-2
ECHA InfoCard	100.108.239
Wikidata	Q17323405
properties
Molar mass	459.09 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	3.5 g cm −3
Melting point	> 1000 ° C
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 302-315-319-335
	P: 261-305 + 351 + 338
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

The Lithiumtitanspinell often simplistically called lithium titanate, is a mixed oxide of lithium and titanium from the group of titanates . It is also called lithium titanium oxide LTO and has the composition Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ (tetralithium pentatitanium dodeca oxide). The pure substance is a white powder; For use in batteries , the material is coated and / or mixed with carbon, which is why commercially available mixtures are gray to black, depending on the carbon content.

structure

The lithium titanium spinel has a special spinel structure ; the crystals belong - like all spinels - to the cubic crystal system . The oxygen atoms take up a cubic closest packing of spheres. The lithium atoms not only occupy tetrahedral holes, but also part of the octahedral holes.

properties

The lithium titanium spinel can absorb lithium. The spinel structure is retained:

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {\ Li_ {4} Ti_ {5} O_ {12} +3 \ Li ^ {+} + 3 \ e ^ {-} \ longrightarrow \ Li_ {7} Ti_ {5} O_ {12} , \ \ +1.5 \ V \ vs. \ Li / Li ^ {+}}}

.

use

The lithium titanium spinel is used as a lithium storage material on the negative electrode (this is the anode in batteries ) of lithium-ion batteries , which are then also called lithium titanate accumulators . The property of sintered lithium titanate is used to form a very large surface. This means that higher charging currents and thus shorter charging times can be achieved with lithium titanate batteries compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries , which is advantageous , among other things, for electric cars . However, the lithium titanate battery has a significantly lower energy density .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f sheet lithium titanate, spinel, electrode sheet, aluminum substrates, size 5 in. X 10 in. In Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on June 15, 2014 ( PDF ).
↑ americanelements.com: Lithium Titanate, Spinel Nanopowder
^ Duncan Graham-Rowe: Charge a battery in just six minutes . NewScientist. March 7, 2005. Retrieved May 20, 2014.

[Sigma-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f sheet lithium titanate, spinel, electrode sheet, aluminum substrates, size 5 in. X 10 in. In Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on June 15, 2014 ( PDF ).

[2] ricanelements.com: Lithium Titanate, Spinel Nanopowder

[newsc1-3] Duncan Graham-Rowe: Charge a battery in just six minutes . NewScientist. March 7, 2005. Retrieved May 20, 2014.