Little Barrier Island
|
Little Barrier Island Māori : Te Hauturu-o-Toi |
||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Waters | Hauraki Gulf , Pacific Ocean | |
| Geographical location | 36 ° 11 '51 " S , 175 ° 4' 44" O | |
|
||
| length | 7.4 km | |
| width | 5.8 km | |
| surface | 28.17 km² | |
| Highest elevation |
Mount Hauturu 722 m |
|
| Residents | uninhabited | |
Little Barrier Island , called Te Hauturu-o-Toi in the Māori language , is a volcanic island in the Hauraki Gulf off the North Island of New Zealand .
Origin of name
Little Barrier Island got its name in November 1769 by the British navigator and explorer Captain James Cook , who discovered the island on his first voyage to the South Seas. But its original name " Hauturu " , ( resting place of the winds ), is said to have got the island from Toi , the second great Polynesian seafarer and explorer after Kupe .
geography
Little Barrier Island is located 18 km west of Great Barrier Island , 22 km from the western mainland and approximately 75 km northeast of Auckland city center. Together with Great Barrier Island , the island, which has a length extension in north-south direction of 7.4 km, has a maximum width of 5.8 km and extends over an area of 28.17 km², the northern limit of the Hauraki Gulf . The highest point on the island is Mount Hauturu with a height of 722 m .
Administratively, the island belongs to the Waitemata and Gulf Ward of the Auckland Council .
geology
The island consists of an extinct stratovolcano whose volcanic rock consists largely of Dacite . With a volume of 10 km³, it is the largest volcano of its kind in New Zealand. The volcano can be assigned geologically to the Pleistocene , but has no geological connection to the area of the Coromandel Volcanic Zone , to which Great Barrier Island belongs, continues south from there and volcanic activity was to be found there around 4 million years ago. Little Barrier Island's volcano is made up of two volcanoes, one older and one younger. In two eruption phases, the first around 3 million years ago and the second 1.2 to 1.6 million years ago, the volcano built on the previous one from the last eruption phase.
Roughly speaking, the island has a circular shape, on the north, west and south sides of which the slopes of the volcano drop from 400 m shallowly towards the cliffs of the coast to between 20 m and 100 m. On the east side of the island, the cliffs rise up to 200 m. The water depth around the island varies around 50 m, so that the height of the volcano can actually be assumed to be around 770 m.
history
Archaeological research has shown that the island was formerly inhabited by Māori . Evidence in 61 places showed that a total of seven Pā s (fortified villages) existed on the island, in 33 places there were holes in the ground or terraces and in 14 places masonry indicated human activity. All Pā s were located on the south to south-west side of the island.
The island was designated the country's first nature reserve by the New Zealand government in 1896.
Flora and fauna
The island, which is now free of non-native animals, is home to over 400 native plants, 40 rare or endangered bird species, 14 different reptiles and two different species of bats . The island, which is managed by the Department of Conservation (DOC), is not freely accessible to visitors and can only be visited with a special permit for a maximum of 20 visitors per day under strict conditions.
literature
- Leslie Owen Kermod : Little Barrier Island . In: Alexander Hare McLintock (Ed.): An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Wellington 1966 ( online [accessed May 31, 2018]).
- Bruce W. Hayward : Prehistoric Archaeological Sites on Little Barrier Island, New Zealand . In: Tane . Volume 28 , 1982, pp. 67–78 (English, online [PDF; 5.6 MB ; accessed on May 31, 2018]).
- Jan Lindsay, Phil Moore : Geological Features of Little Barrier Island , Hauraki Gulf . In: Tane . Volume 35 , 1995, pp. 25–38 (English, online [PDF; 6.9 MB ; accessed on May 31, 2018]).
- Peter Ballance : New Zealand geology: an illustrated guide (= Miscellaneous Publication No. 148 ). Geoscience Society of New Zealand , Auckland 2009, ISBN 978-0-473-41925-7 (English, online [PDF; 23.5 MB ; accessed on May 31, 2018]).
Web links
- Little Barrier Island . Little Barrier Island Supporters Trust,accessed May 31, 2018.
- Te Hauturu-o-Toi / Little Barrier Island Nature Reserve . Department of Conservation,accessed May 31, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Topo250 maps . Land Information New Zealand , accessed May 31, 2018 .
- ↑ Leslie Owen Kermod : Little Barrier Island . In: Alexander Hare McLintock (Ed.): An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Wellington 1966 ( online [accessed May 31, 2018]).
- ↑ Coordinates and longitudes were determined using Goggle Earth Pro Version 7.3.1.4507 on May 31, 2018
- ^ A b Hayward : Prehistoric Archaeological Sites on Little Barrier Island, New Zealand . 1982, p. 67 .
- ^ Lindsay, Moore : Geological Features of Little Barrier Island , Hauraki Gulf . 1995, p. 25 .
- ^ Lindsay, Moore : Geological Features of Little Barrier Island , Hauraki Gulf . 1995, p. 28 .
- ^ Ballance : New Zealand geology: an illustrated guide . 2009, p. 116 .
- ^ Lindsay, Moore : Geological Features of Little Barrier Island , Hauraki Gulf . 1995, p. 27 .
- ^ Hayward : Prehistoric Archaeological Sites on Little Barrier Island, New Zealand . 1982, p. 70 .
- ↑ Te Hauturu-o-Toi / Little Barrier Island Nature Reserve . Department of Conservation , accessed May 31, 2018 .
- ↑ Know before you go . Department of Conservation , accessed May 31, 2018 .