Lochmühle (Liebethaler Grund)
| Hole mill
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.jpg) The Lochmühle in Liebethaler Grund (photo 2011) |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 59 '42 " N , 13 ° 58' 38" E | |
| Location | Lohmen , OT Mühlsdorf ( Saxon Switzerland ) | |
| Waters | Wesenitz | |
| Built | before 1559 | |
| Status | unused and increasingly decaying | |
| technology | ||
| use | Formerly a flour mill and oil mill , since 1842 also an inn , currently (2016) without use | |
| drive | Watermill | |
The Lochmühle is a mill in the Wesenitztal in Saxon Switzerland . The grinding mill, first mentioned in 1559, is located at the entrance to the Liebethaler Grund , a narrow valley that breaks through the Wesenitz through the Elbe sandstone. With the rise of tourism in Saxon Switzerland, the mill developed into a popular inn in the 19th century. However, the facility has been empty since the early 1990s and is increasingly falling into disrepair.
history
The Lochmühle was first mentioned in a document in 1559 as a grinding mill. It was probably built shortly before, because the mention says: " This mill has not yet been fully built. " In 1561 there is talk of the " new mill under Milsdorff ". A rock fall in 1681 destroyed the mill, which was then rebuilt 30 paces upstream.
The operation of the mill turned out to be difficult, as indicated by numerous changes of ownership. Between 1561 and 1681 alone, at least seven different owners of the mill have come down to us. In contrast to other mills in Saxon Switzerland, a family business could not establish itself in the Lochmühle.
Difficulties in the operation of the mill resulted in particular from its remote location in the deep and steep valley of the Wesenitz. The mill, which was literally “ in the hole ”, could only be reached on foot via steep paths and stairs from Mühlsdorf and Daube. For a long time, it was not possible to transport it to and from it by horse and cart. Not until 1799 was a road from Mühlsdorf to Lochmühle laid out, which was still extremely difficult to pass due to its steepness. The grain and flour sacks were also i. d. Usually not transported from the valley by horse and cart, but on the back of donkeys. The narrow location in the valley also meant that the millers did not have any sideline farming, as there was a lack of fields and meadows.
In the course of the tourist development of Saxon Switzerland, which began at the end of the 18th century, the Lochmühle represented the first encounter of hikers with the wild and romantic rocky world of the sandstone mountains. Until the completion of the Elbe Valley Railway (1851), the route from Pillnitz via Graupa and the Lochmühle on to Lohmen and the Bastei as the main access route to Saxon Switzerland.
Tourism developed into a worthwhile additional income for the "Lochmüller". The steep stepped path leading from the mill to Daube was expanded in 1820 by the owner of the Lochmühle. In 1841 the path from Liebethal to Lochmühle , which runs in the valley itself, was created as a hiking trail. This path was extended to the next upstream mill, the Daubemühle, in 1882. This made the wild and romantic Wesenitztal in the Liebethaler Grund even more attractive and easier to experience for tourism.
The Lochmühle itself fell victim to a fire in 1828, but was immediately rebuilt by the then owner Friedrich August Schreiter with a new building with four grinding aisles . In 1842 Schreiter received the permit to run an inn in the mill. The guests of the mill also included painters, poets and composers who passed the Liebethaler Grund with the Lochmühle as the “western gateway” to Saxon Switzerland. Numerous historical images of the Lochmühle exist from this time. The path through the Grund past the mill and further towards Lohmen is therefore now part of the poet-musician-painter path and the painter path .
In the summer of 1846 Richard Wagner stayed at the Lochmühle several times and composed parts of the opera Lohengrin here . The Richard Wagner Memorial, erected in 1933 not far from Lochmühle, reminds of Wagner's stay . The landlord of the Lochmühle made the land available for its construction, as he hoped it would increase the number of guests in the mill.
The last Lochmüller had a fatal accident in the wheelwork of his mill on New Year's Eve 1880. After that, the grinding operation was stopped and the Lochmühle used exclusively as an inn. An initial use as an accommodation facility could not establish itself in the long run.
In 1989 the mill was to be converted into a company holiday home with a restaurant. However, the plans were no longer implemented in the course of the turnaround and the end of the GDR . Since the use as an inn was also discontinued, the mill had been empty since the fall of the Wall and fell into disrepair.
In 2015, plans became known according to which an investor was planning the renovation and integration into a new hotel building. The new hotel building on the plateau above the Wesenitztal and the Lochmühle are to be connected with a panoramic elevator. In March 2017, work began on securing the Lochmühle, in which the roof, which was in danger of collapsing, was first torn off and replaced with an interim roof.
historical view by Johan Christian Clausen Dahl (1823)
Access from Liebethal (2013)
Inscription at the Liebthaler entrance (2016)
View from the stairs leading to Daube to Lochmühle (2011)
Bridge over the Wesenitz (2011)
View of the mill weir, on the right the mill promenade, laid out in 1882, towards Daubemühle (2016)
the Richard Wagner monument not far from the Lochmühle (2013)
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Mill owner and operator (incomplete)
- 1561: Blasius and Valthen Naill
- 1603: Hans Fleck
- 1627: Christoff Michel sells the mill to Hanns Fleischer
- around 1670: Hanns Pretzschelln
- 1676: Georg Kreussel sells the mill to Hans Maukisch
- 1681: Ambrosius Maukisch
- 1711: Georg Meschken
- 1722: Christian Großer sells the mill to Michael Müller
- 1828: Friedrich August Schreiter
- 1854: Friedrich August Schreiter sells the Lochmühle to Mr. Schmidt
- 1880: Mr. Schmidt had an accident in the wheelwork of the mill, the grinding operation was stopped and the inn was continued by the widow Emilie Schmidt
- 1889: Carl Geisler takes over the mill
- 1908: Karl Thurecht takes over the mill
- 1919: H. Staude takes over the mill
Quotes
“Here you can find the mill so wedged between rock walls, hard on the Wesenitz, that its foundation wall pushes the brook across. (...) But if you want to have a truly terribly beautiful sight, you have to go through the mill, from which you step onto a narrow stone bridge from an arch. No sooner have you stepped on it than your gaze is immediately drawn to your left, where the brook foams over the high mill weir (...). This loud roar, together with the roar of the water protection falling on the mill, in which the rattling of the mill can be heard; to this the beautiful group of trees just above the weir, which cover the rear rocks; the wild natural forms of the rocks and then the long staircase that leads up between them; the ever green moss that hugs the walls; the darker bullock that hangs from them; the trees and bushes, which look down curiously from the cracks or from the heights of the rocks: all this together makes an effect that cannot be described, and who would not like to enjoy them for a long time! - One is forced here only to see and to be silent. "
“In the meantime, you go via Liebethal and Mühlsdorf to the Lochmühle, located in the depths of the ever wilder and more romantic valley, which is wedged between craggy, dark rock walls, deserted and lonely in a gruesome confinement and its weir, like a natural cataract , works in this narrow valley basin with magical force on the viewer. One does not quite understand the way in which the transport to and from this mill takes place, and in fact one uses only donkeys for transporting them, which, loaded with sacks, climb the rough mountain paths safely up and down the mountain. "
literature
- Alfred Meiche : A mill book. About mills and millers in the working area of the Mountain Association of Saxon Switzerland . Dresden 1927.
- Manfred Schober : The mills of Saxon Switzerland. Right Elbe area , monographs on Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland, Volume 2, Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-934514-24-9
- Manfred Schober, Peter Rölke: Malerweg hiking guide. Berg- und Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2008, ISBN 978-3-934514-19-5
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Manfred Schober: The mills of Saxon Switzerland. Right Elbe area , monographs on Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland, Volume 2, Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-934514-24-9 , p. 192
- ↑ Alfred Meiche : Historical-topographical description of the Pirna administration. Dresden 1927, p. 193
- ↑ Lochmühle must be secured , Sächsische Zeitung (Pirna edition) from December 29th, 2015 as well as information under project "Renovation of Lochmühle and new construction of Gralsburg im Liebethaler Grund" (Seidel Architects Pirna) , accessed on August 3rd, 2016
- ^ Wagner's summer freshness is revived , Sächsische Zeitung (Pirna edition) from March 6, 2017