Lohmanniidae

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Lohmanniidae
Systematics
Superordinate : Acariformes
Order : Sarcoptiformes
Subordination : Horn mites (Oribatida)
Cohort : Astigmatina
Superfamily : Lohmannioidea
Family : Lohmanniidae
Scientific name
Lohmanniidae
Berlese , 1916

The Lohmanniiden are a family of mites . They belong to the suborder of horn mites in the order Sarcoptiformes , and with 25 genera and over 190 species have the greatest diversity of all horn mite families. The family is monophyletic and the internal relationships of the genera and species are relatively well researched.

features

The development of the body shape in the Lohmanniids seems to be closely related to the mineralization of the cuticle . In Hypochthonius rufulus , the epicuticular chambers are filled with calcium phosphate in localized patches that lie over the attachment points of large muscle groups, which indicates that the intransigence of these stressed points is increased. The mineralized chambers form narrow transverse bands - sometimes mistaken for body segments - which, with the support of the arched Notogaster, may help to reinforce these "stress points". The opisthonotum consists of a single notogaster that is not divided transversely, but is usually well sclerotized . If transverse furrows appear in the sclerotized cuticle , there are more than three, which are usually not closed medially.

The body shape is characterized by a flat ventral surface, which is strongly arched dorsally. The prodorsum, the dorsal region of the prosoma, is posteriorly the same width as the notogaster. The anterior border of the Notogaster is distinguished by a large, thin tectum that overlaps the posterior region of the prodorsum. The preanal plate is clearly visible. The subcapitulum is stenarthic with some large, modified adoral setae that are thickest and thinner at the origin. The thigh of at least pair of legs I-II has ventral keels. The chelicerae can be of different shapes, but are folded into the body as an apodeme .

distribution

A few species of the Lohmanniiden inhabit the warm to temperate climate zones, but most can be found in the tropics .

Way of life

Where Lohmanniidae occur in large numbers, it turns out that they ecologically important decomposers are residues of higher plants, and the only Euarthronitiden that show this feeding behavior. The mites of the genera Meristacarus , Torpacarus and Heptacarus build tunnels in wood, which are inhabited by individual individuals or serve as common feeding sites that are used by both young and adult animals. A few species have been observed digging into plant roots. Adult animals of the genera Annectacarus , Javacarus , Lohmannia , Meristacarus , Mixacarus and Paulianacarus have many secretory pores distributed over the entire body surface. In one species studied, they had control over the nervous system , but the real role they play is still unclear. The mites of the Lohmanniids are well protected from predators by a front notogastric tectum that extends dorsally over the sejugal furrows. In addition, ventrolateral pedofossae , into which the legs are drawn in when the mite is disturbed, serve as additional protection.

Genera and species

(= Neotrichacarus Hammer, 1973)
(= Pseudocryptacarus McDaniel, Norton and Bolen, 1979)
(= Tongacarus Hammer, 1973)
(= Michaelia Haller, 1884)
(= Javalohmannia Hammer, 1979)
(= Hamacarus Hammer, 1977)
(= Austracarus J. and P. Balogh, 1983 nom. Praeoc.)
(= Vepracarus Aoki, 1965)
(= Asiacarus Krivolutsky, 1971)
(= Austracarus Mahunka, 1984)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Norton, RA, and Behan-Pelletier, VM 2009: Oribatida. In: A manual of acarology, pp. 430-473

literature

  • Subías, LS 2004 (updated: 2009): Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes: Oribatida) del mundo (Excepto fósiles)
  • Norton, RA, and Behan-Pelletier, VM 2009: Oribatida. In A Manual of Acarology

Web links