Loretto Chapel (Lustenau)
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The Lorettokapelle (in from the Italian acquired usage also Loretokapelle ; colloquially to the previously located opposite zum Moor also Mohrokappili ) is a Roman Catholic chapel in the Austrian market town Lustenau . It's like all the Loretto Chapel of St. Mary consecrated and belongs to the parish Rheindorf in the Dean's Office Dornbirn in the diocese of Feldkirch . As the oldest preserved sacred building in Lustenau, it is a listed building .
location
The Lorettokapelle is located at the intersection of Hofsteigstrasse and Kapellenstrasse. On its west side, in front of the portal, Kapellenstrasse, which is closed to car traffic in this section, serves as a small forecourt, which is also decorated with a fountain and a wayside shrine .
Originally built as a corridor chapel, until the beginning of the 20th century it stood in the middle of the agriculturally used Kappellenfeld, to which it gave its name, between the hamlets of Rheindorf in the west, Stalden in the east and Hag in the north. Only with the progressive urban sprawl in the Lustenau municipality was this gap closed, so that the chapel is now in the middle of what is now the Rheindorf district.
history
Foundation, endowment
The Lorettokapelle was donated in 1645 by the Lustenauer Hofamman Hans Hagen and built in place of a previously existing field chapel. On the one hand, the foundation is the result of the pronounced popular piety of this time in connection with two plague epidemics in 1628/29 and 1635, during which the founder himself lost two of his sons and his first wife. On the other hand, the Hagen family, who were at the height of their political and economic power in the 17th century, achieved a social rise with the construction of the chapel, which brought them close to the lower nobility. The picture of the founder, made in 1660, on which the family is dressed in a strikingly similar manner to Count Kaspar von Hohenems and his family in a similar picture, is a further expression of this striving for higher social status. The now widowed second wife of Hans Hagen, Maria Anna Hagen, donated the wrought-iron choir grille in 1672.
Baroque
Around 1730 the chapel was redesigned in Baroque style and a tower was built. Oval windows were broken out in the choir and a gallery was built.
In the 18th century the Hollenstein family replaced the Hagen as the richest and most powerful Lustenau clan. The renovation around 1760, as part of which the baroque altars were also built, was financially supported by the most important representative of the family, Amman Joachim Hollenstein, at any rate around this time a votive image was also placed in the chapel on which the man with his whole family was pictured.
19th century
A bell was made in 1840 by the Grassmayr bell foundry in Feldkirch.
In 1890 the interior was renovated in the Nazarene style. The walls and ceiling were covered on the inside with 1–3 cm thick plaster, the altars were painted over with brown-green varnish and the original color of the statues was also covered.
The general renovation from 1988/1989
Smaller renovations carried out in 1931 and 1964 could not prevent a general renovation from becoming necessary towards the end of the 1980s. The walls were badly damaged by rising damp, and the side walls also increasingly sloped outwards. 15 cm wide cracks had already formed behind the two side altars. The floor under the benches was rotten. The benches, doors and windows were broken.
The renovation was therefore correspondingly extensive: the walls were dehumidified, the side walls readjusted and the original plaster was exposed again. The tower was newly shingled, the ball and cross restored. The old floor was removed and replaced with a plain sandstone floor. Instead of the plaster ceiling, a wooden coffered ceiling was put in and the windows were redesigned.
The wrought iron choir grille was restored and rebuilt so that all three wings can be opened. New bench cheeks were carved from a well-preserved original piece for the newly made benches. The changes to the interior furnishings that were carried out during the last major renovation in 1890 have largely been reversed, in particular the altars and statues have been restored to their original, colorful, baroque surface.
The entire renovation was estimated at 3.3 million schillings . The implementation - in contrast to the renovation of the Church of the Redeemer shortly before - enjoyed broad approval among the population.
The general renovation was ceremonially completed on April 30, 1989.
architecture
Exterior description
The chapel is a rectangular building under a gable roof . A bell tower with an onion dome rises above the choir with a five- eighth closing . The open vestibule is covered by a pent roof. In the nave there are three pointed arch windows on each side, one in the choir and one circular window in each of the two apex walls. There is also a small rectangular window to the left and right of the entrance portal.
The arched portal bears the inscription 1645 , above it is a fresco of Saint Christopher , which was created in 1936 by Sepp Maierhuber from Vienna.
Inside description
The nave has a wooden coffered ceiling and is separated from the flat-roofed choir by a retracted round-arched triumphal arch . To the west of the chapel is a wooden gallery.
Furnishing
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All three altars are baroque wooden structures with volute ribbons and date from around 1760.
On the high altar stands a statue of the Virgin Mary with a child in a golden halo, flanked by putti and two kneeling angels. This statue, venerated as a miraculous image , is much older than the chapel; it is dated to around 1470.
In the middle niche of the left side altar is a figure of St. Sebastian . The upper picture shows Saint Catherine . The right side altar houses a statue of St. Joseph from around 1760 in the central niche. The upper picture depicts St. Benedict .
The wrought iron grille with coat of arms dates from 1672. A crucifix hangs on the left side wall .
In the back of the chapel there is an old wooden sacrificial box, which is covered with metal straps and secured with several locks.
Bells
A legend tells of an old woman from the Hohenems plot of land, Steckenwegen , who came every Sunday on foot along Steckenweg to the parish church in Lustenau. As a thank you for being spared the plague, she donated a bell for the church, which she still attended at least every Christmas, even in old age. When the "Steäckowiibli" (the female stick) died, the bell is said to have started to ring by itself, according to the legend. This bell was then traditionally rung at Christmas “to call the Steckenwegerin”. When all the bells had to be delivered during the First World War , they were spared because of their old age and their legendary origin and were later moved from the parish church to the Loretto Chapel. In contradiction to the legend and the reference to the time of the plague, however, the bell is dated to the year 1840.
In 2003 a second bell was donated in memory of Albert, Mathilde and Walter Bösch.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Vorarlberg - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) . Federal Monuments Office , as of June 27, 2014 (PDF).
- ↑ a b Wolfgang Scheffknecht: On the history of the Loreto chapel . In: encounter . Lustenauer Pfarrblatt. May 1989.
- ^ A b c Ludwig Welti : The churches of Lustenau / Vorarlberg . Ed .: Verlag der Kleine Deutschen Kirchenführer Dr. Schnell & Dr. Steiner. Munich 1939, The Loreto Chapel on the Field, p. 13-15 .
- ↑ Moving history of a church . In: Vorarlberger Nachrichten (ed.): VN Heimat Lustenau . January 21, 2016, p. 8 .
- ↑ a b c d Karl Heinz Burmeister : Documents on the building history of the Loreto Chapel / historical time table . In: encounter . Lustenauer Pfarrblatt. May 1989.
- ^ A b Josef Marte: The renovation 1988/89 . In: encounter . Lustenauer Pfarrblatt. May 1989.
- ↑ Wolfgang Scheffknecht: 100 years market town Lustenau . Lustenau 2003, ISBN 3-900954-06-2 , pp. 356 .
- ↑ a b c Federal Monuments Office (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Vorarlberg . Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 2011, ISBN 3-7031-0585-2 , p. 304 . The texts in this source were not completely updated during the renovations and are therefore partly out of date. The current status is described here.
- ↑ Hannes Grabher : Customs, sagas and chronicles . Ed .: Cultural department of the market town of Lustenau. Second edition. Lustenau 2002, ISBN 3-900954-05-4 , p. 17 ( online at SAGEN.at ).
- ↑ Edith Hämmerle: “Kappili-Kilbi” rich in tradition in Lustenau. Vorarlberg Online , November 11, 2012, accessed on November 10, 2015 .
Coordinates: 47 ° 26 ′ 9.1 ″ N , 9 ° 39 ′ 45.3 ″ E