Louis Archinard

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Louis Archinard

Louis Archinard (born February 11, 1850 in Le Havre , † May 8, 1932 in Villiers-le-Bel ) was a French Général de division of the Troisième République , who made a decisive contribution to the success of French colonialism in West Africa. He became known as the conqueror and pacifier of the colony "Soudan français" (now the Republic of Mali ).

Life

Louis Archinard came from a Protestant family in Le Havre, where his father was the head of the city's Protestant schools. He entered the École polytechnique (Promotion X 1868), from which he was transferred to the "Régiment d'artillerie de marine" on May 10, 1870 as a sous-lieutenant .

After a deployment in Cochinchina between 1876 and 1878 he was appointed study inspector at the École polytechnique and in 1880 was transferred to the French Sudan at the request of Gustave Borgnis-Desbordes . In several campaigns he managed to successfully continue the colonization of this part of Africa. He captured Ségou in 1890 and Djenné in 1893 .

After his return to France he was promoted to Général de brigade in April 1896 , then to Général de division and transferred to Perpignan as commander of the "32 e division d'infanterie" .

In 1911 he was appointed to the Supreme War Council (Conseil supérieur de la guerre) and received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor in July 1914 . In World War I he served in 1914 as commander of the 1 he Groupement de division de réserve , then from September 1914 to February 1915 as inspector general of the depots of the colonial troops in the combat zone (Zone des armées). 1917 was involved in the establishment of the Polish army in France . In 1919 he received the Médaille militaire .

Général Archinard spent his twilight years in Villiers-le-Bel.

The President of the Republic, Paul Doumer , was visiting a book fair in Paris when he was assassinated by Russian émigré Pavel Gorgulov . After he was hit by several bullets, he was taken to the Hôpital Beaujon in Clichy, where he died on the night of May 7, 1932. When 82-year-old Général Archinard heard about it, he collapsed and passed away a day later.

Honors

Grand Croix de la Legion d'honneur Médaille militaire Croix de guerre 1914-1918 Médaille Interalliée 1914–1918
Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1870–1871 Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1914–1918 Médaille coloniale Grand Croix de l'Ordre du Nichan el Anouar (Tunisie)
Chevalier (August 25, 1881)
Officier (July 9, 1889)
Commandeur (July 11, 1903)
Grand Officier (December 30, 1908)
Grand Croix (July 11, 1914)
  • Médaille Militaire
  • Croix de guerre 1914-1918
  • "Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire"
  • "Médaille Commémorative de la Guerre de 1870"
  • "Médaille Commémorative de la Grande Guerre"
  • “Médaille coloniale” with Soudan engraving
  • "Grand Croix de l'Ordre du Nichan el Anouar" ( Tunisia )

Posts

  • July 18, 1895: Director of Defense (Directeur de la défense) in the Ministry of Colonies (Ministère des Colonies)
  • 23 May 1896: President of the Colonial Technical Military Committee (Président du Comité technique militaire colonial)
  • October 3, 1897: Commander of the Cochinchina Brigade (Commandant de la brigade de Cochinchine)
  • November 24, 1900: Assistant to the Inspector General of the Marine Artillery (Adjoint à l'inspecteur général de l'Artillerie de marine)
  • November 30, 1900: Permanent Inspector General of the Naval Artillery (Inspecteur général permanent des troupes de l'Artillerie de Marine)
  • December 19, 1900: Permanent Inspector General of Coastal Defense and Fortifications of the Navy (Inspecteur général permanent de la défense des côtes en ce qui concerne les ouvrages de la Marine)
  • December 21, 1900: Member of the Technical Artillery Committee (Membre du Comité technique de l'Artillerie)
  • January 1, 1901: Permanent Inspector General of the Colonial Artillery (Inspecteur général permanent des troupes de l'Artillerie coloniale.)
  • April 3, 1901: Member of the Technical Committee of Pioneers and of the Technical Committee of the Colonial Forces (Membre du Comité technique du Génie et du Comité technique des Troupes Coloniales)
  • 30/12/1901: Commander of the 32nd Infantry Division and the subordinate units in the regions of Narbonne , Perpignan , Carcassonne and Albi (Commandant de la 32e Division d'Infanterie et des subdivisions de région de Narbonne, de Perpignan, de Carcassonne et d ' Albi)
  • October 14, 1904: Commander of the Colonial Army Corps (Corps d'Armée des Troupes Coloniales)
  • September 4, 1911: Member of the Supreme War Council and commander of the group of reserve divisions of mobilization (Membre du Conseil Supérieur de Guerre et commandant du groupement de divisions de réserve de mobilization)
  • August 2, 1914: Commander of the 1st Group of Reserve Divisions (Commandant du 1er Groupement de Divisions de réserve)
  • September 2, 1914: Inspector General of the Depots of the Colonial Forces (Inspecteur général des dépôts des troupes coloniales de la zone des armées)
  • February 11, 1915: Transfer to the reserve (Placé dans la section de réserve)
  • October 18, 1915: reactivation (En mission)
  • November 18, 1915: Transfer to the reserve (Placé dans la section de réserve)
  • June 6, 1917: Chief of the French-Polish military mission (Chef de la mission militaire Franco-Polonaise)
  • July 15, 1919: Transfer to the reserve (Placé dans la section de réserve)

literature

  • E. Réquin: Archinard et le Soudan. , Éditions Berger-Levrault, 1946.
  • Martine Cuttier: Portrait du colonialisme triomphant - Louis Archinard 1850-1932. Éditions Lavauzelle, 2006, ISBN 2-7025-1297-6 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ sur cent km, en arrière des tranchées, s'étendait ce qui était administrativement dénommé la zone des armées - the area up to 100 kilometers behind the front line was known as the zone des armées
personal data
SURNAME Archinard, Louis
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French general in French West Africa
DATE OF BIRTH February 11, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Le Havre
DATE OF DEATH May 8, 1932
Place of death Villiers-le-Bel , France