Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé

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Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé, Duc de Brissac, anonymous portrait from 1790

Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé (born February 14, 1734 , † murdered September 9, 1792 Versailles ) was a French nobleman and military man. He was the 8th Duke of Brissac , Pair de France , and the last Governor of Paris of the Ancien Régime .

biography

Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé was the second son of Jean Paul Timoléon de Cossé (1698-1780), 7th Duc de Brissac, Pair de France, Marshal of France and Governor of Paris, and Marie Josèphe de Durey-de-Sauroy (1716 -1756).

He was captain in the Régiment de Caraman dragons , since January 28, 1754 guidon of the Compagnie des Gendarmes d'Aquitaine . In 1759 he was promoted to colonel in the regiment Royal-Bourgogne cavalerie . First called Marquis de Cossé , he was raised to Duc de Cossé in 1760 (after the death of his older brother). In 1771 he became Maréchal de camp .

On February 12, 1775, after his father's resignation, he became governor of Paris. On February 2, 1776, was nominated as Chevalier de l ' Ordre du Saint-Esprit and inducted on May 26. With the death of his father on December 17, 1780, he became the 8th Duc de Brissac, Pair de France, Grand Panetier de France .

During the Revolution , Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé was deposed as Governor of Paris in 1791. Instead, he became commander-in-chief of the Garde constitutionelle du Roi founded on September 3, 1791 by the Constituent Assembly , which was also called Garde Brissac . On May 29, 1792, the Guard was disbanded because they were suspected of belonging to the counterrevolution; the Duke of Brissac was arrested and transferred to Orléans prison. There he was to be tried in the National High Court .

In late summer the National Assembly ordered that the Duke of Brissac and another 51 prisoners should be brought from Orléans to Saumur to be tried. But the enthusiastic supporter of the revolution, Claude Fournier L'Héritier (1745–1825), known as "the American", who had traveled with a troop from Paris , opposed her transfer to Saumur and instead ordered her to be taken to Paris (September 4, 1792) where they should be tried in another court. On September 7th the train of prisoners arrived in Étampes and on September 8th in Arpajon . Upon arrival in Versailles , the prisoners learned of the September massacres in Paris. At the Carrefour des quatre Bornes , Brissac and 43 of his fellow prisoners were killed by an angry crowd after they had been separated from their escort; only eight prisoners were able to escape. Fournier may have been involved in this crime. The murderers cut off the heads of their victims and impaled them on the gate of the castle.

Information boards about the massacre at Carrefour des quatre Bornes , today the intersection of the RD10 (Rue Général Leclerc-Rue de l'Orangerie) and the RD91 (Rue de Satory-Rue du Maréchal Joffre) in the center of Versailles

In addition to the Duke of Brissac, the former ministers Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart and Charles-Xavier Franqueville d'Abancourt , and Bishop Jean-Arnaud de Castellane were among the prominent victims .

Marriage and offspring

Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé married on February 28, 1760 in Paris Adélaide Diane Hortense Délie Mancini de Nevers, dit Mancinette (* December 27, 1742, † May 2, 1808 Neauphle-le-Château, buried the.), Daughter of Louis Joules Barbon Mazarini-Mancini , Duc de Nivernais , and Hélène Angélique Françoise de Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain ( Mazarin-Mancini House ).

Their only child is Adélaide Pauline Rosalie de Cossé-Brissac († May 2, 1820 Neauphles-le-Vieux); ⚭ December 28, 1782 Victurnien Jean Baptiste de Rochechouart, 1771 8th Duc de Mortemart , Pair de France, Maréchal de camp († July 14, 1812 Paris) ( Rochechouart House )

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ From 1745–1761 the name of the Régiment d'Angoulême dragons under Victor Maurice de Riquet, Marquis de Caraman
  2. ↑ At Schwennicke by mistake in 1756 - that year the older brother received the title
  3. ↑ in detail: [fr: Massacres de Septembre # Massacres du 9 septembre à Versailles]
  4. ^ According to the article Abancourt in the Encyclopedia Britannica of 1911, Fournier was falsely accused of complicity, while A. Auzoux (Article Abancourt 3 , in: Dictionnaire de Biographie Française , Volume 1, 1932 column 22f) considers him to be an accomplice.
personal data
SURNAME Cossé, Louis Hercule Timoléon de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé, Duc de Brissac; Marquis de Cossé, Duc de Cossé
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nobleman and military man, governor of Paris
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1734
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 1792
Place of death Versailles