Royal Bourgogne Cavalerie Regiment

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Royal-Bourgogne Cavalerie Regiment
16 e cavalerie regiment

Roy-Bourgogne cavalerie.png

Standard of the Regiment Royal-Bourgogne Cavalerie
active 1665 to 1803
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces cavalry
Type regiment
Location last garrison: Langres
Patron saint St. George
commander
Important
commanders

Mestre de camp Marquis de Paulmy

The Régiment Royal-Bourgogne cavalerie , as a cavalry regiment last 16 e régiment de cavalerie , was a regiment of heavy cavalry , established in the Kingdom of France , in service during the Ancien Régime , the First Republic and the Consulate .

Lineup and significant changes

  • December 7, 1665: Establishment of the Régiment de Paulmy cavalerie
  • August 9, 1671: renamed: Régiment de Dauger cavalerie
  • February 19, 1684: Renamed: Régiment de La Roche-sur-Yon cavalerie
  • 5: June 1685: Cashed and put back into service the same day as Régiment de Bourgogne cavalerie
  • June 8, 1711: Renamed: Régiment de Bretagne cavalerie (After the regiment owner, Louis, duc de Bretagne died in March of the following year, the regiment remained vacant under this name.)
  • September 15, 1751: The unit was named "Bourgogne-cavalerie". (The eldest brother of the future King Louis XVI. Louis Joseph Xavier, duc de Bourgogne, had become the regiment owner.)
  • December 1, 1761: Incorporation of the Régiment d'Espinchal cavalerie (The regiment owner died that year, the position remained vacant until 1788.)
  • March 17, 1788: Renamed: Régiment Royal-Bourgogne cavalerie
  • January 1, 1791: Renamed to: 17 e régiment de cavalerie
  • 1792: Renamed to: 16 e régiment de cavalerie
  • September 24, 1803: Conversion into a dragoon regiment ( 25 e régiment de dragons )

Mestres de camp and Colonels

Mestre de camp was the rank designation for the regimental owner and / or the actual commander. Should the Mestre de camp be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (e.g. the king or queen), the command was given to the Mestre de camp lieutenant (or Mestre de camp en second). During the revolution this rank was replaced by the "Colonel" and from 1793 to 1803 by the Chef de brigade .

Mestres de camp as regiment owner

  • December 7, 1665: Marquis de Paulmy
  • August 9, 1671: Comte Guy Aldonse d'Auger
  • February 19, 1684: François Louis de Bourbon , comte de La Marche then comte de Clermont then prince de La Roche-sur-Yon then prince de Conti
  • June 5, 1685: Louis de France , duc de Bourgogne, then Dauphin on April 14, 1711
  • June 8, 1711: Louis, duc de Bretagne († March 8, 1712)
  • March 9, 1712: vacant
  • 1751: Louis Joseph Xavier (1751–1761), duc de Bourgogne
  • 1761 to 1788: vacant
  • 1788 to 1792: King Louis XVI.

Mestre de camp lieutenants, colonels and chiefs de brigade

  • 1684: Mestre de camp lieutenant comte d'Houdetot
  • June 5, 1685: Mestre de camp lieutenant de Grosmesnil
  • February 24, 1692: Mestre de camp lieutenant Antoine Joseph Arnauld, chevalier de Pomponne
  • November 15, 1693: Mestre de camp lieutenant François de Granges de Surgères, marquis de Puyguyon
  • February 27, 1704: Mestre de camp lieutenant Paul François de Béthune-Charost, marquis d'Ancenis then duc de Béthune
  • 4 December 1715: Mestre de camp lieutenant comte de Brassac
  • August 12, 1717: Mestre de camp lieutenant Michel de Forbin, marquis de Janson
  • April 16, 1738: Mestre de camp lieutenant comte de Gassion
  • August 29, 1741: Mestre de camp lieutenant Charles Léonard de Baylens, marquis de Poyanne
  • January 1748: Mestre de camp lieutenant Comte d'Helmstadt
  • February 10, 1759: Mestre de camp lieutenant Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé , marquis de Brissac
  • October 26, 1771: Mestre de camp lieutenant René Ange Augustin, marquis de Maupeou
  • March 10, 1788: Mestre de camp lieutenant Érasme Gaspard, marquis de Contades
  • May 12, 1789: Mestre de camp lieutenant François Étienne Le Duchat de Réderquin, comte de Rurange
  • July 25, 1791: Colonel Jean François Pierre Brunville
  • February 5, 1792: Colonel Louis René Le Mouton de Boisdeffre
  • June 29, 1792: Colonel Nicolas Cugnot d'Aubigny
  • February 12, 1794: Chef de brigade Jean Olivier Gaudin
  • June 10, 1796: Chief de brigade Archange Louis Rioult-Davenay
  • September 12, 1797: Chef de brigade Michel Blancheville
  • December 23, 1801: Chef de brigade Antoine Rigau

Furnishing

Standards

Until 1791 the regiment had four standards made of blue silk and decorated with 24 lilies. A picture field with a rising phoenix is ​​placed on it . There were war decorations in the four corners. All decorative embroidery and the fringes were made in gold. The motto on the banner was: "In regnum et pugnax". Both sides were the same.

Uniformity

  • 1740 to 1757

  • Régiment de Bourgogne cavalerie 1757 to 1762

  • Régiment de Bourgogne cavalerie 1762 to 1767

  • Régiment de Bourgogne cavalerie 1767 to 1776

  • Régiment de Bourgogne cavalerie 1776 to 1779 <

  • Régiment de Bourgogne cavalerie 1779 to 1786

  • Régiment de (Royal) Bourgogne cavalerie 1786 to 1791

  • 16 e régiment de cavalerie from 1791 to 1792, then 16 e régiment de cavalerie

history

The regiment is six years older than has long been assumed. It was put into service by the Marquis de Paulmy on December 7, 1665, making it one of 37 regiments established by Louis XIV after the death of King Philip IV of Spain . These should serve to enforce French claims in Flanders and Hainaut .

War of devolution

The Marquis de Paulmy took part in the campaigns of 1667 and 1668 with his regiment consisting of four companies. On May 24, 1668 it was released except for the personal company. This company was included in the list of companies for which the Marquis de Fourilles was responsible as accounting officer. In 1671 it became the property of Guy Aldonse d 'Auger, who, with a patent from August 9, 1671, re-established the regiment of six companies. The commissioning took place on March 1, 1672.

Dutch War

In 1672 the regiment belonged to the army which was personally commanded by the king. It was involved in all operations of the campaign and moved into winter quarters in the area around Utrecht . During the winter it was involved in the campaign of François-Henri de Montmorency-Luxembourg to Bodegraven , Nieuwbrug and Swammerdam. After the capture of Maastricht in 1673, the regiment pitched its tents on the glacis of the fortress . The following year it was with the troops of Louis II. De Bourbon, prince de Condé , with whom it took part in the Battle of Seneffe . In 1675 it served on the border with Champagne and was involved in the capture of Dinant , Huy and Limbourg .

After spending the winter in Hainaut, the regiment joined the main army and took part in the capture of Condé-sur-l'Escaut and Bouchain .

The Comte d'Auger sold his regiment, which was in the field camp on the Saar in 1683, to François Louis de Bourbon, prince de Conti. The date of the conclusion of the contract was February 19, 1684. From that day on it was commanded by a mestre de camp lieutenant (the Prince de Conti did not give up on it) and took part in the siege of Luxembourg in the same year .

After a quarrel between the Prince de Conti and the king, Louis XIV conceded the regiment on June 5, 1685 and gave it to his grandson, Louis de Bourbon, dauphin de Viennois, duc de Bourgogne , although he was only three years old was. From that day on it was called "Bourgogne-cavalerie". Mestre de camp lieutenant de Grosmesnil (or de Gros Mesnil), who was replaced in 1692 by the Chevalier de Pomponne, became the commanding officer.

War of the Palatinate Succession

Louis de France, duc de Bourgogne

The regiment fought with distinction in the battle of Fleurus , as well as in the battle of Neer winds and in 1693 at the siege of Charleroi . Under the command of the Marquis de Puyguyon, it was in Brussels in 1695, on the Moselle in 1696 and in the Camp de Compiègne in 1699.

War of the Spanish Succession

In 1701 it was assigned to the army in Germany and in 1702 it was assigned to the Flanders Army, where it took part in the Battle of Nijmwgen. In 1703 it returned to the Rhine where it participated in the sieges of Breisach , Landau and Speyer and distinguished itself in the battle of the Speyerbach . Here the Mestre de camp lieutenant François de Granges de Surgères, marquis de Puyguyon was wounded. His son and nephew were among the fallen. Under the orders of its new commanding officer, the Marquis d'Ancenis, it fought in the army of Maréchal de Tallard in the catastrophic first battle near Höchstädt , in which the Germans and the English had the upper hand.

The Bourgogne regiment then withdrew to the Moselle , where it remained in 1795. In the following years it took part in the campaigns on the Rhine and was commanded back to Flanders in 1708, where it fought in the Battle of Oudenaarde , in which the French commander-in-chief, the Marquis d 'Ancenies, was captured. In 1709 it came back to the Rhine, only to move back to Flanders in 1711. On June 8th of the same year the regiment went to the "Louis, duc de Bretagne" and took over the name "Bretagne-cavalerie". After he died on March 8, 1712, the position of the holder remained vacant until 1751.

1713 Participation in the siege of Landau (Pfalz) and Freiburg (Breisgau) . In the same year the imperial general von Vaubonne suffered defeat. At the end of the war in 1714, the regiment moved to the field camp on the upper Meuse.

Quadruple Alliance War

From 1719 the "Régiment de Bretagne-cavalerie" was part of the army in Spain. It was used in the siege of San Sebastián , Fontarabie and Urgell .

In 1727 the unit was in Camp d'Aimeries-sur-Sambre, and in 1730 in Stenay.

War of the Polish Succession

In August 1734 assigned to the army in Alsace. 1735 Battle near Klausen . After the peace treaty, Langres was assigned to him as a garrison.

War of the Austrian Succession

Battle of Lauffeldt
  • 1748: it was used in the siege of Maastricht. After spending the winter in Ghent, the regiment moved to Quesnoy and Saint-Quentin in February 1749, then to Pont-Audemer , 1750 to Douai, 1751 to Ploërmel , 1753 to Charleville, 1754 to the Camp de Saarlouis and to Saint -Avold , 1756 to Nancy , 1757 to Metz , Longwy and finally to Neuss .

Seven Years War

In 1757 the regiment joined the "Armée du Hanovre" (Hanover Army) with which it took part in the Battle of Hastenbeck . In 1758 it served under the Marquis d'Armentieres in the pursuit of the troops of General Kielmannsegg from Brunswick as far as Münster , where they were trapped.

1760 Battle of Korbach and Battle of Warburg . Subsequently commanded to Flanders, the riders saw the peace treaty in the garrison of Rethel.

Until the beginning of the revolution, the regiment was no longer in service and frequently changed garrisons.

It was in Provins in 1763, in Douai, in Camp de Compiègne, 1765 in Redon, 1766 in Ancenis, 1767 in Sedan , 1769 in Fontenay-le-Comte, 1771 in Niort, 1772 in Rethel and Sedan, 1774 in Saintes, 1775 in Also, in 1776 in Gray et Jussey, 1777 in Maubeuge , 1778 in Valenciennes , 1779 in Verdun , then in Béthune, 1780 in Mirecourt and Charmes, 1782 in Thionville, 1783 in Sarrelouis, 1785 in Saint-Avold, 1788 in Camp de Metz and in Sarrelouis, then Joigny, in 1789 in Meaux, 1790 in Rouen with a detached escadron in Beauvais, 1792 with the "Armée du Center", then in Metz.

By order of March 17, 1788, the name "Royal Bourgogne" was assigned to the regiment. The regiment owner was now the king himself. It kept number 20 in the ranking, as it had been on the uniform buttons since 1762.

The redistribution by the Assemblée nationale gave the regiment the number 17 in 1791, which was changed to number 16 after the emigration of the Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie in 1792.

The regiment took part in the campaigns of the "Armée du Nord" between 1792 and 1794. It fought with distinction in the Battle of Neerwinden . Until it was converted into a dragoon regiment in 1803, it was involved in the campaigns of the "Armée du Rhin".

Last garrison

Known members of the regiment

Footnotes

  1. ↑ drafted by the king
  2. ↑ Order of December 1, 1761, État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , p. 380.
  3. ↑ Since the Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie (No. 15) had completely emigrated after the king was deposed, all the following regiments moved one place forward in the numbering.

literature

  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer (Depuis novembre 1737, jusqu'en décembre 1738) , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1760 , par les sieurs de Montandre-Longchamps, troisième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1760
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , by MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, cinquième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1762
  • Chronologie historique-militaire , by M. Pinard, chapters 1, 4, 5, 6 & 7, Paris 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763 & 1764

Web links