9th regiment de cuirassiers

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Régiment Artois Cavalerie
9 e régiment de cuirassiers

Insigne régimentaire du 9e Régiment de Cuirassiers.jpg

Internal association badge
active 1666 to 1946
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces cavalry
Type regiment
Location last garrison: Douai
Patron saint St. George
Anniversaries December 7th
commander
Important
commanders

Mestre de camp de Baleroy de Choisy

The Régiment d'Artois Cavalerie , most recently an armored reconnaissance regiment as 9 e régiment de cuirassiers , was originally a regiment of heavy cavalry, established in the Kingdom of France during the Ancien Régime . It did particularly well in the Revolutionary Wars and the Wars of the First Empire .

Lineup and significant changes

  • December 1665: Established as "Régiment de Baleroy de Choisy cavalerie".
  • May 24, 1668: Dismissed
  • August 6, 1671: re-established as "Régiment de Baleroy de Choisy cavalerie"
  • 1672: Renamed "Régiment de Courcel cavalerie".
  • 1674: Renamed "Régiment de Villars cavalerie".
  • August 8, 1679: Disbanded. The remaining companies (with the exception of the body company, which remained independent) were incorporated into the regiments "Choiseul-Beaupré cavalerie" and "de Chartres cavalerie" on August 15.
  • January 15, 1684: re-established as the "Régiment de Villars cavalerie" with the previous body company as a tribe
  • March 20, 1688: Renamed "Régiment d'Anjou cavalerie"
  • September 10, 1753: Renamed "Régiment d'Aquitaine cavalerie".
  • December 1, 1761: Incorporation of the “Régiment de Vaussieux-Hericy cavalerie” and renaming to “Régiment d'Artois cavalerie”.
  • January 1, 1791: Renamed "9 e régiment de cavalerie".
  • September 24, 1803: Conversion into “9 e régiment de cuirassiers”. Incorporation of a company from the 19th e and two escadrons from the 22nd e régiment de cavalerie
  • 1815: Disbanded and incorporated into the 6 e régiment de cuirassiers .
  • 1825: re-established as “9 e régiment de cuirassiers”.
  • 1916: Conversion into a cavalry rifle regiment with the designation “9 e régiment de cuirassiers à pied”.
  • 1919: Conversion into a cavalry regiment with the old name “9 e régiment de cuirassiers”.
  • 1939: The regimental association was dissolved, the escadrons distributed as a reconnaissance group: '
20 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Corps d'Armée
20 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Division d'Infanterie
22 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Division d'Infanterie (With honorable mention in the army order)
91 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Division d'Infanterie (With honorable mention in the army order)
  • 1944: re-established as “9 e régiment de cuirassiers”.
  • 1946: dissolution.

Mestres de camp / Colonels / Chefs de brigade

Mestre de camp was the rank designation for the regimental owner and / or the actual commander. Should the Mestre de camp be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the Mestre de camp lieutenant (or Mestre de camp en second). The name Colonel was used from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803, from 1793 to 1803 the name Chef de brigade was used . From 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

  • December 7, 1665: Mestre de camp de Baleroy de Choisy
  • 1672: Mestre de camp le Charles de Champlaix, marquis de Coucelles
  • August 25, 1674: Mestre de camp le Claude-Louis-Hector, marquis de Villars
  • August 28, 1688: Mestre de camp en second, Charles-Nicolas de Créqui, marquis de Blanchefort
  • December 5, 1696: Mestre de camp en second, Comte d'Auroy
  • May 1, 1704: Mestre de camp en second, Jacques de Chabannes, marquis de Curton
  • March 23, 1707: Mestre de camp en second, François-Philippe, marquis d'Escorailles
  • December 1712: Mestre de camp en second, Le Tellier, marquis de Louvois
  • 1719: Mestre de camp en second, Louis-Antoine de Gontaut, duc de Biron
  • October 13, 1732: Mestre de camp en second, Anne-Louis-Henri de Thiard, marquis de Bissy
  • March 11, 1736: Mestre de camp en second, Charles-François-Elzéar, marquis de Vogué
  • July 20, 1746: Mestre de camp en second, Jean-Baptiste Mahuet de Luppécourt-Drouville
  • October 10, 1755: Mestre de camp en second, Jean-Bretagne-Charles-Godefroi, duc de la Trémouille
  • January 3, 1770: Mestre de camp en second, Louis-Mathieu-Benoît, baron de Fumel
  • March 10, 1788: Mestre de camp en second, Louis-Antoine-Paul, vicomte de Bourbon-Busset
  • February 5, 1792: Colonel Jean-Claude Loubat de Bohan
  • October 29, 1792: Colonel Étienne-Marie-Antoine Champion de Nansouty
  • November 9, 1793: Chef de brigade Jean-Pierre Doumerc
  • September 3, 1799: Chef de brigade Paultre
  • December 31, 1806: Colonel Murat-Sistriéres
  • September 7, 1811: Colonel Habert
  • September 3, 1813: Colonel François Bigarne
  • ?
  • 1870: Colonel Waternau.
  • August 20, 1870 - September 2, 1871: Colonel de Vouges de Chanteclair.
  • ?
  • 1889-1894 Colonel de Guizelin, then Colonel Delannoy.
  • ?

Furnishing

Standards

  • Royal standards

The regiment carried up to six standards made of blue silk. On the front the royal sun in the center, lilies embroidered in the corners. As the Anjou regiment, the back of the house had the coat of arms, in each corner a cartouche with the lilies and the crown of the Princes of Blood. The back of the standard of the Aquitaine regiment was embroidered with lilies and also had the four cartouches in the corners. The embroidery and the fringes were done in gold.

  • Standarte d'Aquitaine and d'Anjou cavalerie, obverse

  • Standarte d'Anjou cavalerie, back

  • Standarte d'Aquitaine cavalerie, back

  • Standards during the Revolution and the First Empire

Simplified standards were introduced in 1791, initially with the royal lilies, which ceased to exist after the abolition of the monarchy. From 1804 to 1812 the diamond flag was used (already in the colors blue-white-red) and from 1812 the tricolor decorated with eagles, crowns and laurel wreaths was used, on the back of which the battles in which the regiment took part with honor were recorded . In 1815, during the reign of the Hundred Days , a similar standard was used, but in a simplified form.

  • Standard of the 1st Escadron model 1791 (still with the royal insignia)

  • Standard of the 1st Escadron model 1793 (the royal insignia has been removed)

  • Standard of the 1st Escadron model 1794

  • Standard model 1804 to 1812

  • Standard model 1812 (obverse) This standard was lost in Wilna in December 1812.

  • Standard model 1812 (back)

  • Standard model 1815 (front)

  • Standard model 1815 (back)

The inscriptions on the standard last used (1946) read:

  • London 1800
  • Austerlitz 1805
  • Moskova 1812
  • Fleurus 1815
  • L'Aisne 1917
  • Le Matz 1918
  • Argonne 1918

  • 1740 to 1757

  • 1757 to 1762

  • Régiment d'Artois Cavalerie from 1762 to 1767

  • Régiment d'Artois Cavalerie from 1767 to 1776

  • Régiment d'Artois Cavalerie from 1776 to 1779

  • 9 e regiment de cavalerie 1791

  • Cuirassier 1812, illustration in the Collection des Uniformes des Armées françaises de 1791 à 1814 , Paris 1822

use

All documents pertaining to the regiment, whether handwritten or printed, refer to the end of 1665 as the date of the list.

On December 7, 1665, Monsieur de Baleroy received a patent for the establishment of a cavalry regiment. As a tribe, he used a cavalry company that had previously been in his possession. Problems must have arisen during the installation, as the regiment was only designated as complete on January 15, 1667. At the beginning of 1668 it consisted of four companies and was garrisoned in Douai . As early as May 24th, with the end of the war of devolution , it was released again except for the personal company. This was one of the 66 cavalry companies that were still in service after the troop reduction.

On August 8, 1671, Monsieur de Baleroy was authorized to re-establish the regiment.

Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty.

The regiment joined the king's army in 1672 and took part in all campaigns of the Dutch War . After the Mestre de camp de Baleroy died in Utrecht , he was replaced by the Mestre de camp Marquis de Courcelles.

Dutch War

  • 1674: Battle of Seneffe - the regimental commander, the Marquis de Courcelles, was killed in the battle.

It then became the property of the Marquis de Villars, who commanded it in Flanders, during the siege of Aire-sur-la-Lys , the siege of Maastricht and several more individual operations in the territory of the Prince of Orange . In 1676 the regiment was able to bring 1,500 prisoners into one of these raids.

The regiment spent the following winter in Belfort . It then led a victorious battle near Kehl , where it routed an opposing corps of 2,000 men. It attacked six times in the battle near Kochersberg and took part in the siege of Freiburg . The unit distinguished itself in the battle near Waldkirch when it was able to secure its own brigade headquarters attacked by superior enemy forces.

  • 1678: served the regiment under the command of Maréchal François de Créquy . It led a battle at the crossing over the brook near Neubourg , intervened to support two others near Rheinfeld and Gegensbach. This was followed by an attack on the rearguard of the imperial army during the crossing of the Kinzig , during which the enemy troop commander could be captured. With the siege of Kehl, this campaign ended for the regiment, which was released on August 8, 1679. The remaining companies were distributed, only the personal company was left to the Mestre de camp de Villars.

Reunion War

On January 15, 1684, the regiment was set up again. Mestre de camp was still the Marquis de Villars. In the same year it was involved in the siege of Luxembourg .

  • 1685: it was in the camp on the Saône, commanded by the Mestre de camp lieutenant Marquis de la Trousse.

War of the Palatinate Succession

On March 20, 1688, the Marquis de Villars sold the regiment to the king, who left it to his grandson, Philippe, duc d'Anjou . (This and all following regiment owners did not exercise the authority, however, but left that to a deputy, the Mestre de camp en second) Under this new name it took part in the Palatinate War of Succession, fought in Italy in 1691 and was involved in all campaigns in Flanders.

War of the Spanish Succession

This war brought the regimental owner to the Spanish throne. The regiment fought in Italy:

In 1727 the Anjou regiment returned to France, was in the field of Aimeries and in 1732 in the Camp de la Meuse.

War of the Polish Succession

War of the Austrian Succession

  • 1742: the border into Flanders was crossed,
  • 1743: the regiment was found in Bavaria, in July of the same year it held positions in lower Alsace and the area around Landau (Palatinate) .
  • 1744: it was involved in the recapture of Wissembourg and the lines on the Lauter (Glan) . The battle at Augenheim and the siege of Freiburg followed.
  • 1745: the capture of Kronemberg, then a stay in the field camp of Chièvres , then the siege of Ath .
  • 1646: the regiment fought in the siege of Mons and then fought in the battle of Roucourt
Battle of Lauffeldt

Garrison in Bourges in 1749, in Neubreisach in 1751, Montpellier , Castelnaudary and Castres in 1752, in the Plobsheim field camp and in Castres in 1753. On September 10th of the same year it was named "Régiment d'Aquitaine". In 1754 it left Castres, moved to Bergerac and Libourne , 1756 to Besançon , 1757 to Damvillers and Stenay .

Seven Years War (1757 to 1763)

The regiment went into the Seven Years' War with a battle near Neuss . This was followed by participation in the Battle of Hastenbeck and the conquest of the Electorate of Hanover .

On December 1, 1761, the only four-year-old Comte d'Artois became the new Mestre de camp, whose name the regiment was to bear until the revolution. The companies of the dissolved "Régiment d'Héricy" were incorporated.

After the end of the war the regiment was in Besançon, 1764 in Lons-le-Saulnier, 1765 in Metz , 1766 in Toul , 1767 in Joinville, 1768 in Philippeville, 1769 in Pont-à-Mousson and in Besançon, 1770 in Redon, Stationed in Sarrelouis in 1772, in Pont-à-Mousson in 1774, in Verdun in 1777 , in Strasbourg , Avranches, Aire and Saint-Omer in 1779 , in Nevers and Joigny in 1780, in Strasbourg in 1783, in Schlettstadt in 1791 and in Haguenau in 1792 .

Wars of the Revolution and the First Empire

"Le 9 e cuirassiers a exécuté une charge qui a mis l'ennemi en déroute"

. (The 9th cuirassiers carried out an attack that routed the enemy.) Maréchal Soult , 1815.

Until 1805 the regiment belonged to the Reserve Cavalry Corps, from 1806 to 1808 to the 1st Cavalry Corps of the Grande Armée . In 1809 and 1810 the Army on the Rhine and the "Armée d'Allemagne" (Army in Germany) owned it in 1811 and 1812 "Corps d'observation de l'Elbe" (Elbe Observation Corps) and in 1813/1814 1st Reserve Cavalry Corps with garrison in Hamburg.

During the reign of the Hundred Days , the regiment was part of the "3 e division de réserve de cavalerie" (3rd Reserve Cavalry Division)

1815 to 1848

Franco-German War

  • August 6, 1870: in the battle of Wörth , the regiment distinguished itself through its attacks. Through his self-sacrificing commitment, the “4 e division d'infanterie” of Général Marie Hippolyte de Lartigue was able to withdraw in an orderly manner.

First World War

1914

  • No information available

1915

  • No information available

1916

  • From August, after the horses have been surrendered, deployed in trench warfare - Battle of the Somme

1917

Trench warfare. On May 5th, battle at the mill near Laffaux

1918

  • Attack fighting on the Matz
  • Persecution battles on the Meuse and in the Argonne

Second World War

  • 1940: Dissolution of the regimental association and participation in the fighting in France with four reconnaissance groups:
  • 20 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Corps d'Armée (20 e GRCA),
  • 20 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Division d'Infanterie (20 e GRDI)
  • 22 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Division d'Infanterie (22 e GRDI)
  • 91 e Groupe de Reconnaissance de Division d'Infanterie (91 e GRDI)

Disbanded after the armistice on June 22, 1940.

  • 1944 to 1945: Re-established after the Allies landed, the regiment took part in the battles to liberate France.
  • 1946: dissolution

Awards

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with two palm branches.

The members of the regiment have the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918.

  • Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with two palm branches

  • Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918

literature

  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer (Depuis novembre 1737, jusqu'en décembre 1738) , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , by MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, cinquième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1762
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1765 , by MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, septième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1765
  • Chronique historique-militaire , Pinard, tomes 3, 4, 5 et 7, Paris 1761, 1761, 1762 et 1764
  • Général de brigade Philippe Peress 31, rue Hoche 49400 Saumur . (fr.)
  • Musée des Blindés ou Association des Amis du Musée des Blindés 1043, route de Fontevraud, 49400 Saumur. (fr.)

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ the regiment passed to a new owner
  2. ↑ existed only briefly from 1749 to 1761
  3. ^ Ordonnance du 1er décembre 1761, État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , p. 380
  4. ↑ Cinquième abrégé général du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739
  5. ↑ This standard was lost in Vilnius on December 5, 1812
  6. ↑ the type of death is not known