Régiment Royal-Picardie cavalerie

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Régiment Royal-Picardie cavalerie
20 e régiment de cavalerie

Roy-Pic cav.png

Regimental standard
active 1652 to 1803
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces cavalry
Type regiment
Location last garrison: Gray (Haute-Saône)
Patron saint St. George
Anniversaries December 7th
commander
Important
commanders

Mestre de camp Louis Charles Gaston de Nogaret de Foix d'Epernon, duc de Candale

The Régiment Royal-Picardie cavalerie , last as the 20th e régiment de cavalerie , was a regiment of heavy cavalry, established in the Kingdom of France during the Ancien Régime and the First Republic .

Lineup and significant changes

  • September 16, 1652: Establishment of the Régiment de Foix cavalerie
  • July 20, 1660: Reduced to one company
  • December 7, 1665: re-establishment of the Régiment de Foix cavalerie
  • July 1, 1674: Renamed the Régiment de Biran cavalerie
  • August 8, 1679: Dissolution, the Leibcompanie (Compagnie mestre de camp) was incorporated into the Régiment Royal-Piémont cavalerie by order of the 15th of the month .
  • October 20, 1683: re-established as a provincial regiment under the name Régiment d'Armagnac cavalerie .
  • January 15, 1684: Renamed the Régiment de Roquelaure cavalerie
  • May 10, 1691: Renamed the Régiment d'Esclainvilliers cavalerie
  • 1724: Renamed the Régiment de Peyre cavalerie
  • March 10, 1739: Renamed the Régiment de Vintimille cavalerie
  • February 1, 1749: Renamed the Régiment de Fumel cavalerie
  • December 1, 1761: Increase through the incorporation of the Régiment de Bourbon-Busset cavalerie and renamed the Régiment Royal-Picardie cavalerie
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 21 e régiment de cavalerie
  • 1792: Renamed to 20 e régiment de cavalerie
  • September 24, 1803: Dismissed and divided between other regiments

Furnishing

Standards

Standard of the Fumel Cavalerie regiment

The regiment carried up to four standards made of green silk. The royal sun was depicted on both sides, framed by lilies at the corners. All embroidery and the fringes were done in gold. After being awarded the attribute “Royal”, the color changed to blue.

Uniformity

The regiment Royal-Picardie has started and is renamed "20 e régiment de cavalerie". Illustration by George Roux in Le Chemin de France , novella by Jules Verne .

  • Vintimille cavalerie from 1740 to 1757

  • Royal-Picardie cavalerie from 1757 to 1762

  • Royal-Picardie cavalerie from 1762 to 1767

  • Royal-Picardie cavalerie from 1767 to 1776

  • Royal-Picardie cavalerie from 1776 to 1791

  • 21 e régiment de cavalerie from 1791 to 1792, then 20 e régiment de cavalerie

Mestres de camp, Colonels / chef-de-brigade

( Mestre de camp was the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or the actual commander. Should the mestre de camp be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in running the regiment (such as the king or the queen) so the command was left to the Mestre de camp lieutenant (or Mestre de camp en second). During the revolution this rank was replaced by the "Colonel" and from 1793 to 1803 by the Chef de brigade )

  • September 16, 1652: Mestre de camp Louis Charles Gaston de Nogaret de Foix d'Epernon, duc de Candale
  • January 1658: Mestre de camp de Nogaret, duc de Foix-Candale
  • July 1, 1674: Mestre de camp Antoine Gaston Jean-Baptiste de Roquelaure, marquis de Biron - then duc de Roquelaure
  • May 10, 1691: Mestre de camp Charles Thimoléon de Séricourt, marquis d'Esclainvilliers
  • March 16, 1704: Mestre de camp de Séricourt, marquis d'Esclainvilliers
  • 1724: Mestre de camp Comte de Peyre
  • March 10, 1739: Mestre de camp Jean-Baptiste Félix Hubert comte de Vintimille , then comte du Luc
  • February 1, 1749: Mestre de camp (from 1761 Mestre de camp-lieutenant) Joseph, marquis de Fumel
  • March 1, 1763: Mestre de camp-lieutenant François, chevalier de Fumel
  • March 24, 1769: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Jean Anaclet, comte de Bassompierre
  • March 10, 1788: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Henri, marquis de Lostanges
  • October 21, 1791: Colonel Joseph François Régis Camille Serre de Gras
  • February 5, 1792: Colonel Antoine de Wardner
  • March 7, 1792: Colonel Othon Grégoire Benoît de Lostende
  • August 1, 1792: Colonel Jean Louis La Roque
  • March 8, 1793: Chef de brigade Jean-Baptiste Sébastien Le Comte
  • June 25, 1793: Chef de brigade Jean Louis Augustin Robe de Moineuse
  • July 15, 1793: Chef de brigade Pierre Mervan
  • April 6, 1794: Chef de brigade François d'Argeant
  • August 24, 1799: Chef de brigade Ruffé

history

The regiment was used in the following wars:

On September 16, 1652, the Duc de Candale received a patent for the establishment of a cavalry regiment. This was immediately assigned to the "Armée de Catalogne" (Catalan Army). It was first used in 1654 when Villefranca , Roses and Puigcerdà were captured . In 1655 it was assigned to the army in Picardy. The following year it was again in Catalonia, where it was used on the Pyrenees Front until the peace treaty was concluded. The regimental owner, the Duc de Candale, died on January 2nd, 1658 in Lyon. The regiment passed on to a member of his family as an inheritance and was called from now on "Régiment de Foix-Candale cavalerie". After the end of the Franco-Spanish War, the regiment was dismissed like many others on July 20, 1660 except for the personal company. On December 7, 1665, it was reorganized as the "Régiment de Foix-Candale cavalerie" and the command to the "Armée de Roussillon" (Roussillon Army). In 1668, the four companies that made up the unit at that time relocated to the occupation of Franche-Comté on the occasion of the War of Devolution . After the peace treaty, the unit was reduced to the Leibcompanie on May 24, 1668.

Rebuilt on May 9, 1671 under the same name, it served in the Dutch War in the Netherlands in 1672 .

In 1674 it was involved in the final occupation of Franche-Comté by King Louis XIV . In the same year it became the property of the Marquis de Biron.

Subsequently, it was commanded to the army of Maréchal Turenne in Germany. Here it fought in 1674 in the battle near Langenburg , in the battle near Sinsheim , the battle near Enzheim and in the battle near Mulhouse .

Turenne on the march to Türkheim

In the following year the regiment was reduced again, the remaining body company was incorporated into the Régiment Royal-Piémont cavalerie .

On October 20, 1683, the Marquis de Roquelaure was authorized to re-establish his regiment under the name "Régiment d'Armagnac cavlerie" as a provincial regiment. For this purpose, the body company given to Royal-Piémont was used as the tribe. As early as January 15, 1685, it received its status as a line regiment back and was now referred to as the "Régiment de Roquelaure cavalerie".

It was under this name in 1688 in the camp on the Saône , took part in the campaigns in Germany in 1689 and in those in Flanders in 1689 .

In 1694 it returned to the Rhine and stayed there until the end of the war. In 1699 it was in the field camp near Landau (Palatinate)

Since 1691, the regiment belonged to the d'Esclainvilliers family, who provided two mestres de camp, father and son.

The "Esclainvillers cavalerie" moved to Germany in the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701, and moved to Italy in 1702, where it arrived in time to intervene in the battle near Luzara. It was then garrisoned in Mantua and from here it participated in all of Governor René de Froulay de Tessé's expeditions. From 1704, under the command of the second Marquis d'Esclainvillers, information on the regiment's activities became sparse. It is only mentioned as being in Flanders between 1707 and 1712 and during the siege of Landau in 1713.

From 1727 the regiment was named after its new owner, the Marquis de Peyre. It was used under this name in the War of the Polish Succession and took part in the siege of Kehl, Freiburg (Breisgau) and the battle near Klausen . After the campaign of 1735 it was garrisoned in Gray (Haute-Saône)

In 1742, already under the name "Régiment de Vintimille cavalerie", it drew in the War of the Austrian Succession, where it took part in fighting at Aire-sur-la-Lys and at Béthune . In 1743 it joined the Armée du Rhin (Rhine Army) near Wœrth .

In 1744 it was assigned to the Moselle Army and was involved in a battle on the heights of Zabern, in which the imperial general Nadasty was defeated. In 1746 the regiment was in the field camp on the Saar and moved from there to Flanders to take part in the siege of Charleroi and Namur, as well as in the battle at Raucoux.

At the beginning of 1747 the regiment left its quarters in Philippeville and Mariembourg to go to Provence , where the enemy attempted an invasion. Back in Flanders in 1748, it was used in the siege of Maastricht and then sent to Ypres , Bapaume , Guise and Le Quesnoy .

After the transition to the Fumel family, the regiment was commanded successively by the two brothers, the Marquis de Fumel and the Chevalier de Fumel. It was first garrisoned in Givet (Ardennes) , then in 1750 in Neufchâteau, in 1753 in Maubeuge and the camp of Saarlouis , in 1754 in Dole and Marnay (Haute-Saône) , in 1755 in Lure (Haute-Saône) and Faverney and in 1757 in Longwy . From here it went to the Seven Years' War and met the army of Maréchal d'Estrées near Neuss . The main combat operations it took part in were:

With the reorganization of the cavalry on December 1, 1761, the regiment was given the name "Royal-Picardie" (Mestre de camp of the regiment was now the king himself) and it rose in the ranking of the cavalry regiments from number 41 to number 14 on. On April 11, 1763, the remnants of the dissolved cavalry regiment "Bourbon-Busset" were incorporated in Rethel .

Between the end of the Seven Years' War and the French Revolution, the regiment was in the following garrisons: 1763 in Rethel and Metz, 1764 in Dôle, 1765 in Colmar , 1768 in Lunel , 1769 in Montpellier and Carcassonne , 1771 in Schlettstadt , 1773 in Redon, 1775 in Toul, 1778 in Niort, 1779 in Douai, 1780 in Alby and Castres, then in Limoges , 1782 in Neubreisach , 1783 in Saint-Avold , 1785 in Sarrelouis, 1788 in Angers, 1791 in Josselin , Ploërmel , Pontivy and Nantes .

In October 1791 it was commanded to Gonesse , from where, after a short stay, it marched to Rocroi and at the end of 1792 was in Charleville. It belonged to the Armée des Ardennes (Ardennes Army).

Under the new name of "20 e régiment de cavalerie" it was involved in the campaigns in Germany until 1797. From 1792 to 1794 it was part of the Armée du Nord (Northern Army). It excelled in the battles at Lincelles and Courtrai , where it captured the standard of a British dragoon regiment. From 1797 to 1800, was in Paris at the headquarters of the 17 e division militaire. (17th Military Division)

Under the consulate it belonged to the reserve army in Italy, where it was able to distinguish itself as one of three regiments in the battle of Marengo . These surrounded six Austrian grenadier battalions and forced them to lay down their arms. Furthermore, a regiment of Hungarian hussars could be routed .

However, these glorious actions could not prevent the regiment from falling victim to the reorganization of 1803. It was dissolved in Lyon and the escadrons distributed:

Battle of Marengo by Louis François Lejeune .

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The regiment owner had changed
  2. ↑ Ordonnance du 1er December 1761, État militaire de France pour l'année 1762. p. 380
  3. ↑ Since the Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie (No. 15) had completely emigrated after the king was deposed, all the following regiments moved one place forward in the numbering.
  4. ↑ Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739
  5. ↑ which of the two is not exactly known

literature

  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer - Depuis novembre 1737 jusqu'en décembre 1738 , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739.
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , by MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, cinquième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1762.
  • Chronique historique-militaire , Pinard, tomes 3, 5 et 6, Paris 1761, 1762 et 1763.

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