Regiment d'Orléans cavalerie

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Régiment d'Orléans cavalerie
13 e régiment de cavalerie
22 e régiment de dragons

Orléans cav 1770 av.png

Regimental standard / front side / 1770
active 1635 to 1814
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces cavalry
Branch of service Cuirassiers / Dragoons
Type regiment
Location Noyon
Patron saint St. George
Awards no
commander
commander last: Colonel Charles Adam
Important
commanders

"Jacques, commandeur de Souvré"

The Régiment d'Orléans cavalerie (last as 22 e régiment de dragons ) was a regiment of heavy cavalry, established in the Kingdom of France during the Ancien Régime . It was still in service during the First Republic and the First Empire .

Lineup and significant changes

  • May 16, 1635: A cavalry regiment was set up in Piémont by "Jacques, commandeur de Souvré"
  • March 20, 1647: Philippe I de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans, became the new Mestre de camp
  • May 6, 1651: Mestre de camp-lieutenant "Henri de La Grange-Montigny, marquis d'Arquien"
  • 1654: Mestre de camp lieutenant "Artus de Gouffier, duc de Roannèz"
  • December 7, 1665: Takeover by the Mestre de camp "Gaspard Donneau de Visé"
  • 1668: Takeover by the Mestre de camp "d'Harcourt, chevalier de Beuvron"
  • 1670: Permanent renaming to Régiment d'Orléans cavalerie
  • December 1, 1761: incorporation of the dissolved Régiment de Crussol cavalerie
  • 1762: Allocation of consecutive number 24 in the ranking of cavalry regiments
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 13 e régiment de cavalerie
  • September 24, 1803: reclassified to 22 e régiment de dragons . (2 escadrons were incorporated into the 12 e régiment de cuirassiers .)
  • May 14, 1814: dissolution. The 1st and 2nd Escadron in Pontivy were integrated into the 3 e and 5 e régiment de dragons, the 3rd and 4th Escadron in Lyon in the 13 e and 18 e régiment de dragons.

Combat activities

Wars in which the regiment participated:

The "Régiment de Souvré" was set up in 1630 in Piémont , the riders probably came from the Alpine region , but most of the officers were French. On May 16, 1635 the regiment entered French service and remained stationed in Italy even after the death of Cardinal Richelieu . On March 20, 1647 the regiment was drafted and given to the second son of Anna of Austria , the Philippe duc d'Anjou, as Mestre de camp . The "Commandeur de Souvre" remained the military commander as Mestre de camp-lieutenant and after two further campaigns in Italy in 1649 to Catalonia and 1650 to Champagne .

The "Régiment d'Anjou" took part in 1652 under the command of Maréchal Turenne in the battles at Bléneau, d'Étampes and Faubourg Saint-Antoine against the Prince Condé . In 1653 it was in Roussillon and in 1654 it joined the army in Catalonia. It remained here until the Peace of the Pyrenees was concluded .

After the death of Gaston de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans , brother of Louis XIII. on April 12, 1660, the regiment was renamed "Régiment d'Orléans". It was disbanded on April 18, only the regiment owner's personal company remained and served as the tribe for the re-establishment on December 7, 1665.

In 1666 it was used for training in the Compiègne camp.

In 1667 it took part in the siege of Douai and Lille . At that time it consisted of nine companies, which were reduced by two in the army reform of 1668. In 1672 the regiment still consisted of six companies. It took part in the campaign in Holland with the king's army and moved its winter quarters to the Electorate of Cologne .

After the start of the campaign in the province of Utrecht in 1673, it was initially used in the siege of Maastricht .

In 1679 it took part in the pursuit of the Brandenburg troops as far as Minden .

In 1681 the unit was relocated to a field camp in Upper Alsace and from there moved to the Artois in 1682 .

At the outbreak of the Palatine War of Succession, the regiment was in Flanders . From there it moved to the siege of Philippsburg and was then involved in the campaign in the Palatinate.

Returned to Flanders in 1689, it took part in the Battle of Walcourt . It then acted in the following two campaigns in Germany and in 1692 returned to Flanders, where it was used in the siege of Namur and in the battle of Steenkerke .

During the War of the Spanish Succession, it was moved to Flanders with a battle near Nijmegen in 1702. The following year, march to Germany with participation in the capture of Breisach and Landau (Palatinate) , as well as the Battle of the Speyerbach .

Philippe II de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans
  • 1704: First battle near Höchstädt . The regimental commander, the Marquis de Silly, was captured and wounded. Philippe II. De Bourbon, duc d'Orléans , owner of the regiment since 1701, then handed the regiment over to Mestre de camp lieutenant Jouy. This was interpreted as an outrageous act of liberalism, since Nicolas Louis Grostête de Jouy belonged only to the lower nobility. Then the regiment moved back to Alsace and took part in all operations of 1706, which among other things had Drusenheim , Lauterbourg and the Rhine island Île du Marquisat with the Fort Marquisat as their goal.

In 1719 it was moved to Spain, where the regiment took part in the siege of Fontarabie, San Sebastian and Roses .

  • 1724: after the death of the regiment owner Philippe II. De Bourbon, duc d'Orléans in December 1723, the position of the owner passed to his legitimate successor Louis I de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans .

During the Polish War of Succession, a deployment took place in Italy. The regiment proved itself at Gera d'Adda, Pizzighetone, Milan , Novarre, Tortone, Colorno, in the Battle of Parma , the Battle of Guastalla , at La Mirandole, Revere, Reggio and Gonzaga . 1736 return to France with quarters in Guise .

  • August 19, 1741: The Régiment d'Orléans left Lauterbourg and marched via Sankt Pölten to Bohemia . This was followed by the capture of Prague , the battle at Sahay (Czech: Zahájí ), the defense of Prague and the beginning of the retreat in 1742. In February 1743 the riders arrived in Joinville . Here they stayed a long time before being sent to Douai and Orchies at the end of 1746:
  • 1747: Battle of Lauffeldt then in winter quarters in Calais and the surrounding area.
Battle of Lauffeldt

After the withdrawal from the Netherlands, the regiment was initially in Lille in 1749. During the following period it changed garrisons frequently, so it was moved to Beauvais in the same year , to Sens (Yonne) and Provins in 1750 , in Metz in 1751, in Gisors in 1752 , in Eu (Seine-Maritime) in 1753 , and again in 1754 in Metz, 1755 in Landrecies and in Camp d'Aimeries and then in the field camp in Sens. Garrisonings in Mirecourt in 1756 and Sedan in 1757 followed. From here the regiment moved to Neuss where it joined the army of Maréchal Louis-Charles-César Le Tellier came across.

In the year 1760 skirmishes near Korbach and the battle near Warburg and in the following year further skirmishes near Grumberg and Lich . Then quarters in Baden and Durlach were occupied.

After returning to the army on March 21, 1763 garrison in Valenciennes . At the same time, the companies of the dissolved cavalry regiment "de Crussol" were incorporated. The garrisons then quickly changed again, the same year the regiment moved to Douai, 1764 to Vesoul, 1766 to Strasbourg, 1767 to Bourges , 1769 to Pont-à-Mousson, 1770 to Hesdin , 1772 to Vaucouleurs , 1773 to Stenay , 1774 to Thionville, 1774 to Vesoul, 1777 to Pont-à-Mousson, 1778 to Hesdin, 1779 to Strasbourg and then to Lille , 1780 to Toul and Neufchâteau (Vosges) , 1782 to Chinon, 1783 to Saumur , 1784 to Lille, 1786 to Maubeuge , 1787 to Valenciennes, 1789 to Guise, Chauny , Noyon and also to Abbeville , 1791 to Douai and 1792 to Béthune, Arras and Lille.

On January 1, 1791, all regimental names were abolished and replaced by numbers. the regiment "ex Orléans" now led the number 13 in the list of cavalry regiments.

Under its new name, the regiment fought in the first campaigns of the revolution with the "Armée du Nord" (Northern Army), then in 1795 and 1796 with the "Armée de Sambre-et-Meuse" (Sambre-Maas Army), in 1797 with the "Armée du Rhin-et-Moselle" (Rhine and Moselle Army), and took part in all other campaigns in Germany.

  • Battle of Höchstädt and crossing over the Danube
  • 1800: stationed in Brussels and Mons
  • 1802: Delegation to the “Armée de Batavie” (Batavian Army), occupation of Breda
  • 1803: in Maastricht, Bapaume and Amiens. Here the reclassification into the "22 e régiment de dragons" took place.

After stays in Thionville, Strasbourg and Schlettstadt , the regiment was assigned to the "Corps de cavalerie de réserve de la grande armée" (reserve cavalry corps of the Grande Armée) in 1805. In 1806 and 1807 it belonged to the "6 e corps de réserve de cavalerie" (6th reserve cavalry corps). Seconded to Spain in 1808, it was involved in all major fighting there until 1813. In the same year he was seconded to the "Corps d'observation" (reconnaissance corps) in the Kingdom of Bavaria . In 1814 the unit was assigned to the "5 e corps de réserve de cavalerie" (5th reserve cavalry corps).

On May 14, 1814, the dissolution and division of the staff to other units took place.

Furnishing

Standards

Several different standards can be identified one after the other for the regiment, all made of red silk. The embroidery and fringes were done in gold. The sun, lilies (fleurs de lys) and the arms of the House of Orléans were shown in various designs, as well as a giant with the slogan “Laudes Que Nomen Que Manebunt” on the back.

  • Front to 1730

  • Back to 1730

  • Obverse during the Seven Years War

  • Back during the Seven Years War

  • 1770

  • 1770

  • Date unknown

Uniforms

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1740 to 1757

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1757 to 1762

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1762 to 1767

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1767 to 1776

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1776 to 1779

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1779 to 1786

  • Régiment d'Orléans 1786 to 1791

  • 13 e Régiment cavalerie 1791

Mestres de camp-lieutenants, colonels-lieutenants and colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1790 the rank designation for the regiment holder and / or the actual commander of a cavalry regiment. Should the mestre de camp be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the “mestre de camp lieutenant” (or “ Mestre de camp en second ”). The name Colonel was used from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803. From 1793 to 1803, the French army also used the term Chef de brigade for cavalry . From 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

  • May 16, 1635: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Jacques, commandeur de Souvré
  • May 6, 1651: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Henri de La Grange-Montigny, marquis d'Arquien
  • 1654: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Artus de Gouffier, duc de Roannèz
  • December 7, 1665: Mestre de camp lieutenant Gaspard Donneau de Visé
  • 1668: Mestre de camp-lieutenant d'Harcourt, chevalier de Beuvron
  • 1670: Mestre de camp-lieutenant commandeur de Valençay
  • 1672: Mestre de camp-lieutenant François VII. De La Rochefoucauld
  • March 1, 1673: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Nicolas Auguste de La Baume , chevalier de Montrevel then marquis de Montrevel (called: Maréchal de Montrevel)
  • 29 August 1675: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Louis du Fossé de La Mothe, comte de Watteville
  • May 1690: Mestre de camp-lieutenant comte de Saulx-Tavannes
  • May 1, 1693: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Jacques Joseph Vipart, marquis de Silly
  • December 25, 1704: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Nicolas Louis Grostête de Jouy
  • March 6, 1719: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Henri François, comte de Ségur
  • March 10, 1734: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Louis Robert Malet de Valsemé, marquis de Valsemé, then since May 1730 comte de Graville
  • February 20, 1743: Mestre de camp-lieutenant de Rohan, comte de Montauban
  • March 3, 1747: Mestre de camp Louis de Drummond, comte de Melfort
  • April 10, 1752: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Louis Gabriel de Conflans d'Armentières, comte de Conflans
  • April 27, 1761: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Jacques, marquis de Noë
  • May 21, 1766: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Charles Georges, marquis de Clermont-Gallerande
  • January 1, 1784: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Augustin Jean Louis Antoine, comte de Barbançon
  • July 25, 1791: Colonel Hyacinthe Vincent Marie de Kérisquet de Gibon
  • March 23, 1792: Colonel Pierre Lavaux Saint-Étienne Lalande
  • May 27, 1792: Colonel Barthélemy de Bassignac d'Anglars
  • July 12, 1792: Colonel Charles Antoine Christophe Guerpel
  • December 19, 1792: Colonel, from 1793 Chef de brigade Antoine Raymond Faral
  • May 1, 1794: Chef de brigade Jean Aubry
  • April 2, 1797: Chef de brigade André Balmont
  • July 6, 1800: Chef de brigade Béclerc
  • December 3, 1802: Chef de brigade, from 1803 Colonel Jean-Auguste Carrié
  • April 5, 1807: Colonel Frossard
  • December 28, 1809: Colonel Blancheville
  • June 29, 1810: Colonel Félix Rozat
  • November 25, 1813: Colonel Chaillot
  • 1814: Colonel Charles Adam

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Ordonnance du 1 er décembre 1761, État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , p. 380.
  2. ↑ The Fort Marquisat was the eastern bridgehead of Fort Louis
  3. ↑ Cinquième abrégé général du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739
  4. ↑ also Mestre de camp en second

literature

  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer - Depuis novembre 1737 jusqu'en décembre 1738 , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739.
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , by MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, cinquième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1762.
  • Chronologie historique-militaire , par M. Pinard, tomes 3, 5 et 7, Paris 1761, 1762 et 1764.

Web links