Regiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie

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Regiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie

Ét Royal Allemand cav.png

Standard of the regiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie (obverse)
active 1671 to 1792
Country Blason France modern.svg Kingdom of France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg french army
Armed forces cavalry
Branch of service Cuirassier Regiment
Location Sarreguemines
commander
commander last: Colonel? de almond

The Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie was a cavalry regiment in the royal French army. Soldiers of German nationality served almost exclusively in this regiment, which is why it was one of the so-called foreign regiments - "régiments étrangere". (Until 1791, Alsatians were also referred to as "Germans" in France.)

Lineup and renaming

  • August 10, 1671: Establishment of the Régiment de Kœnigsmark cavalerie
  • November 15, 1688: Renamed: Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie
  • December 1, 1761: Increase through the incorporation of the Régiment de Wirtemberg cavalerie
  • 1 he January 1791: Renamed: 15 e régiment de cavalerie
  • 1792: After the king was deposed, the regiment considered its oath of allegiance to have expired, emigrated almost completely and entered service in Austria.

Standards

The regiment carried six standards . These bore the sun and the king's motto Nec pluribus impar in the blue field . Embroidery and fringes were done in gold. Both sides were the same.

Uniforms

  • Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie 1740–1757

  • Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie 1757–1762

  • Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie 1762–1767

  • Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie 1767–1776

  • Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie 1776–1779

  • Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie 1779–1786

  • Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie 1786–1791

  • 15 e régiment de cavalerie 1791–1792

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was the rank designation for the regimental owner and / or the actual commander. Should the Mestre de camp be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the Mestre de camp lieutenant (or Mestre de camp en second). The name Colonel was used from 1791 to 1793. From 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

More officers

Mastres de camp lieutenants en second
  • 1743: de Cauën
  • 1746: Maximilien, Baron de Guntzer
  • 1770: Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen
  • 1772: Frédéric Antoine, Baron d'Andlau
  • February 26, 1783: Franz-Ludwig, Count of Helmstadt
  • March 10, 1788: Jean Louis Connac, Baron d'Hauteville

Calls

Cabinet Wars

The regiment fought in the following Cabinet Wars :

1742 : On May 27, the regiment, together with the Régiment de La Marine and the Regiment de Nice, participated in the capture of Týn nad Vltavou , where they were quartered.

French Revolution

In June 1789, by order of the king, the regiment was transferred from Valenciennes to Paris under its regimental owner (Colonel propriétaire) and commander, the Prince de Lambesc, to combat the agitation . This order reached the Prince de Lambesc on June 28th. On July 7th, the regiment reached Paris and took up quarters in the Jardins de la Muette .

On July 12, two days before the storming of the Bastille , it was commissioned to clear a crowd on Place Louis XV. dissolve. This had followed a call from Camille Desmoulins , had banded together and carried pictures (or busts) of Jacques Necker and Louis-Philippe, Duc d'Orléans . The commander-in-chief of the troops in the Ile-de-France , Lieutenant-général Peter Viktor von Besenval , then ordered the crowd to be dispersed with the shiny saber (sabre au clair).

The troops behaved passively for a long time, although they were provoked from the people and objects were thrown at them. The riders then pushed the crowd in the direction of and back into the Tuileries, resulting in several injuries and probably also killed. (The latter, however, cannot be proven.) In the end, however, it only happened that the crowd avoided the surrounding streets and the revolutionary Régiment des Gardes françaises was called in to help the "foreign soldiers" (les soldats "étrangers") to chase away. At about seven o'clock in the evening, the regiment held the Place Louis XV to the cheering of the crowd . occupied when it was attacked and shot at by the Gardes françaises in front of the depot. There were three injured on the part of the “Royal allemand”. At around 8 p.m., the riders retreated over the Champs-Élysées to the Champ de Mars . Then Besenval, embittered by the passivity of the royal court, ordered the withdrawal of the troops under his command from Paris. On the evening of July 16 the regiment was ordered to move to Metz.

The role it played in King Louis XVI's escape after Varennes-en-Argonne and its determination there (Affaire de Varennes) has not been conclusively clarified to this day and therefore remains controversial.

In August 1790 two escadrons of the regiment were involved in the suppression of the mutiny in Nancy ( Nancy affair ).

In 1791, like all regiments of the French army, it lost its name and was only given the trunk number . From then on it was called 15 e régiment de cavalerie .

When the king was deposed in 1792, the regiment saw his oath of allegiance as expired and almost completely joined the Armée des émigrés des Prinzen Condé (here it was renamed "Royal allemand" back) and later in Austrian service. After the regiment left, the following moved up one place in the numbering, so that the previous 16th regiment (ex Royal-Lorraine) became number 15. In 1793 it fought in the battle of Aldenhoven , where it destroyed the "3 e bataillon de volontaires de Paris" (3rd Parisian volunteer battalion). After that his track is lost.

Peace garrison

The regiment was based in Sarreguemines during peacetime

Footnotes

  1. ^ Ordonnance du 1er décembre 1761, État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , p. 380.
  2. ↑ Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739
  3. ↑ The rank of Brigadier was the forerunner of the Mestre de camp

literature

  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer - Depuis novembre 1737, jusqu'en décembre 1738 , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739
  • Chronique historique-militaire , Pinard, tomes 4, 5 et 7, Paris 1761, 1762 et 1764
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , by MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, cinquième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1762

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