Friedrich Karl (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön)

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Friedrich Karl of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, engraving, mid-18th century
The Plön Palace Gardens at the time of Friedrich Karl, 1749

Friedrich Karl of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön , (born August 4, 1706 in Sønderborg , † October 18, 1761 in Traventhal ), also Friedrich Karl of Schleswig-Holstein-Plön , was the last duke of the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Plön . Since he died without legitimate male descendants, the duchy reverted to the Danish royal family after his death.

Life

Friedrich Karl was the son of Christian Karl von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg , the younger brother of Duke Joachim Friedrich from Plön , from his unequal marriage to Dorothea Christina von Aichelberg . He was born as a posthumus after Christian Karl's early death . Based on a comparison in 1702 between his father and his brother, he initially carried the name of Karlstein . His mother and guardian argued for years with Duke Joachim Friedrich about his ability to succession and the legality and applicability of the settlement of 1702. In 1708 Friedrich Karl received the right to a canon position in Magdeburg and was thus considered eligible . After Joachim Friedrich died in 1722 without a male heir, Friedrich Karl was recognized by the Danish King Friedrich IV as of princely status and the successor of his uncle. However, this recognition could only be enforced for the areas under Danish fiefdom such as Norburg , as his cousin Johann Ernst Ferdinand from the Catholic branch Schleswig-Holstein-Plön-Rethwisch also made claims and for the Holstein areas that were under the imperial fiefdom Had support from the emperor. Friedrich Karl was enfeoffed with Norburg by the Danish king, even before the last (titular) duke from the older Norburg line had died, namely Ernst Leopold von Holstein-Norburg (1685–1722), the brother of Elisabeth Sophie Marie von Schleswig -Holstein-Norburg , Duchess of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, who served in the war in Brussels for a few years and died while traveling to his sister in Wesel , then was buried in Wolfenbüttel.

In 1724/25 Friedrich Karl undertook a cavalier tour through German courts and to Utrecht , which, in addition to his education, also had the purpose of soliciting support for his claims to Plön. However, Friedrich Karl was only able to take office in Plön when his cousin died. In return, he ceded Norburg to the Danish king. On November 5, 1729 he moved into Plön. Recognition by the Reichshofrat took place in 1731.

The baroque prince

Plön experienced a cultural boom under Friedrich Karl . The Duke had the Plön Castle expanded in the Rococo style and added a large baroque garden to the complex . Under his court architect Johann Gottfried Rosenberg , important baroque buildings in Schleswig-Holstein were built, including what is now known as the Prinzenhaus and the Plön Marstall . The pleasure palace in Traventhal , which was destroyed in the 19th century, was also modernized on behalf of Friedrich Karl and expanded into one of the most complex facilities in the country.

Since Friedrich Karl did not have a legitimate male heir, in 1756 he issued the so-called Plönische Successionstraktat , with which he appointed the Danish king to be the heir to his property. In return, Friedrich V assured him that he would take over all debts, which in reality amounted to an unlimited credit.

After the Duke's death, the property in Plön went to the Danish royal family in accordance with the contract, which brought them closer to the completion of the state as a whole . The estates were confiscated and the Plön residences in Reinfeld , Ahrensbök and Rethwisch were subsequently broken off.

family

Friedrich Karl with his family in the garden of Traventhal Palace ; Painting by Johann Heinrich Tischbein (1759); from left: Luise Albertine, Friedrich Karl, Friederike Sophie, his wife Christine Armgardis, his mother Dorothea Christina, an African servant, Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine

Friedrich Karl married on July 18, 1730 in Copenhagen Christiane Armgardis (Irmgard) von Reventlow (1711–1769), the daughter of the Oberpräsident von Altona Christian Detlev von Reventlow . One son died in infancy, their daughters were

  • Sophia Christine Luise (* 1732; † 1757)
  • Friederike Sophie Charlotte (* 1736; † 1769), married to Georg Ludwig II. Von Erbach-Schönberg
  • Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine (* 1744; † 1770), married to Friedrich Christian I of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
  • Luise Albertine (* 1748; † 1769), married to Friedrich Albrecht von Anhalt-Bernburg

Two of Friedrich Karl's mistresses are known by name: he had a six-year relationship with Sophie Agnes Olearius, which resulted in six daughters, and with the chambermaid Catharina Bein he had five children. He had the women and children from these relationships provided with money and property. A great-grandson from this line was the Greenland inspector Nicolai Zimmer (1810-1894).

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historisch-Politisch-Geographischer Atlas der Welt, 1747, p. 611
  2. ^ Newly augmented Conversations Lexicon, Leipzig 1782, p. 1713
  3. ↑ Christoph Woltereck , Chronikon der Stadt und Vestung Wolffenbüttel, 1747, p. 38
  4. ↑ A. v. Buttlar, MM Meyer Historical Gardens in Schleswig-Holstein , page 608. Boyens & Co., 1998
predecessor Office successor
Joachim Friedrich Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Plön
1722–1761 		-
personal data
SURNAME Friedrich Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, Friedrich Karl von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Plön
DATE OF BIRTH August 4, 1706
PLACE OF BIRTH Sønderborg
DATE OF DEATH October 18, 1761
Place of death Traventhal