Regiment Royal-Champagne Cavalerie

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Régiment Royal-Champagne cavalerie
19 e régiment de cavalerie

Ét Royal Champagne cav (1) .png

Standard of the Regiment Royal-Champagne Cavalerie
active 1682 to 1803
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces cavalry
Type regiment
Location last garrison: Liège and Maastricht
Patron saint St. George
commander
Important
commanders

Mestre de camp Camille d'Hostun, comte de Tallard

The Régiment Royal-Champagne Cavalerie , last as the 19th e régiment de cavalerie , was a regiment of heavy cavalry , established in the Kingdom of France , on service during the Ancien Régime , the First Republic and the Consulate .

Lineup and significant changes

  • October 1, 1682: Formation as Régiment de Tallard cavalerie
  • December 10, 1688: Renamed the Régiment de Duras cavalerie
  • 1710: Renamed the Régiment de Villequier cavalerie
  • April 1723: Renamed the Régiment de La Mothe-Houdancourt cavalerie
  • March 10, 1734: Renamed the Régiment de Brissac cavalerie
  • February 20, 1743: Renamed the Régiment de La Rochefoucauld cavalerie
  • December 1, 1761: Reinforced by the incorporation of the Régiment de Preissac cavalerie and renaming to the Régiment Royal-Champagne cavalerie
  • January 1, 1791: Renamed to 20 e régiment de cavalerie
  • 1792: renamed the 19 e régiment de cavalerie
  • September 24, 1803: Disbanded

Furnishing

Standards

Until 1761 the regiment carried four standards made of yellow silk. The royal sun was depicted on both sides, framed by lilies at the corners. All embroidery and the fringes were done in gold. From 1761 the standards were made of blue silk on the front with a total of 24 golden lilies. The royal sun and the king's motto Nec pluribus impar were placed on it . On the back was the coat of arms of the House of Champagne.

  • Standard until 1761

  • Royal-Champagne (obverse) 1761 to 1791

  • Royal-Champagne (back side) 1761 to 1791

Uniformity

  • Régiment de Brissac cavalerie 1740

  • Régiment de La Rochefoucauld cavalerie 1757 to 1761

  • Régiment Royal-Champagne Cavalerie 1762 to 1767

  • Régiment Royal-Champagne Cavalerie 1767 to 1776

  • Régiment Royal-Champagne Cavalerie 1776 to 1779

  • Régiment Royal-Champagne Cavalerie 1779 to 1786

  • Régiment Royal-Champagne Cavalerie 1786 to 1791

  • 20 e régiment de cavalerie 1791 to 1803

Royal Champagne, c. 1780 Collection in the Musée de l'Armée

Mestres de camp, Colonels / chefs-de-brigade

Mestre de camp was the rank designation for the regimental owner and / or the actual commander. Should the Mestre de camp be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (e.g. the king or queen), the command was given to the Mestre de camp lieutenant (or Mestre de camp en second). During the revolution this rank was replaced by the "Colonel" and from 1793 to 1803 by the Chef de brigade .

  • October 1, 1682: Mestre de camp Camille d'Hostun de la Baume, duc de Tallard
  • December 10, 1688: Mestre de camp Jacques Henri II de Durfort, duc de Duras commanded by a Mestre de camp en second
  • October 18, 1697: Mestre de camp Jean-Baptiste de Durfort, duc de Duras
  • 1710: Mestre de camp Louis d'Aumont, marquis de Villequier
  • April 1723: Mestre de camp Louis-Charles, marquis de La Mothe-Houdancourt
  • March 10, 1734: Mestre de camp Jean-Paul-Timoléon de Cossé, duc de Brissac
  • February 20, 1743: Mestre de camp (from 1761 Mestre de camp-lieutenant) Jean-Joseph, marquis de Rochefoucauld-Langhac
  • March 1, 1763: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Jean-François de la Rochefoucauld, marquis de Surgéres
  • October 19, 1771: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Armand-Alexandre-Roger de la Rochefoucauld de Roye,

comte de Duretal

  • May 26, 1774: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Jacques-Henri-Salomon-Joseph de la Rochefoucauld, comte de Roucy
  • June 17, 1776: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Jean-Baptiste-Guillaume-Nicolas du Barry, comte d'Hargicourt
  • March 10, 1788: Mestre de camp-lieutenant Jules-Marie-Henri Faret, marquis de Fournés
  • February 5, 1792: Colonel Othon Grégoire Benoît de Lostende
  • August 1, 1792: Colonel Antoine de Wardener
  • September 22, 1792: Colonel Barail de Saint-Sulpice
  • April 8, 1793: Chef de brigade Jean-Louis la Roque
  • November 16, 1793: Chef de brigade Sébastien Provence
  • July 27, 1796: Chief de brigade Charles-Claude-Liévain de Bonne d'Abouval
  • May 3, 1799: Chef de brigade de Bonardy de Saint-Sulpice

history

There are only sparse sources about the establishment of the regiment, but everything indicates that the Marquis de Tallard set up the regiment on October 1, 1682 with a tribe from a cavalry company belonging to him.

It was used in the following wars:

The regiment first deployed in 1683 at the siege of Courtrai and Dixmuide .

This was followed by the siege of Luxembourg (1684) with the subsequent transfer to the camp on the Saône, where it was reduced to the Leibcompanie by order of September 26, 1685.

In 1688 the company became the property of the Duc de Duras, who completed the regiment in December of the same year and then used it in the siege of Philippsburg and until the end of the War of the Palatinate Succession in Germany and Flanders. The Duc de Duras died of smallpox in Flanders in 1697, and in 1698 his brother took the position of owner in the Camp de Compiègne.

Siege of Philippsburg

In 1701 the regiment was in the Spanish War of Succession in Flanders. It took part in the battle of Nijmegen, where it captured a Dutch standard, and it was also involved in the battle near Eckeren.

Back in Flanders, it took part in the Battle of Oudenaarde and the Battle of Malplaquet in 1708 . Under the new name “Villequir cavalerie”, it continued to serve in Flanders until the peace agreement.

In 1722 the regiment became the property of the future Marshal of France Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt . With this it moved to Italy in the War of the Polish Succession in 1723, where it was involved in the sieges of Sabionnetto and Bozzolo , as well as the capture of Pizzighetone and Milan .

In the Battle of Parma in 1734 it stood as the "Régiment de Brissac" under the command of Maréchal Villars . It also took part in the operations against Trezzo sull'Adda , Lecco and Fuentès, the capture of Serravalle, Novara , Arona (Piedmont) and Tortona , the battle at Colorno and Borgoforte .

  • Battle of Guastalla Here it was able to prevent the imperial regiments "Alexander Württemberg Dragoons" and "Vétaréni Cuirassiers" from attacking the French infantry.

The regiment then stayed in Italy until 1735, after the siege of La Mirandole, to be transferred to the Rhine Army, with which it took part in the battle near Klausen . During this action, the Duc de Brissac was hit four times by musket balls.

After returning to France it was stationed first in Hesdin and then in Landau (Palatinate) . On September 23, 1741 the regiment left Landau to join the War of the Austrian Succession. It reached Pilsen on November 4th . From here it took part as part of the reconnaissance forces in the exploration of the area around Prague . After that it took part in the occupation of Prague and Vodňany . A march in support of the troops in Frauenberg followed . After this expedition, it attacked an imperial cuirassier regiment and put it to flight, was involved in the battle near Sahay (Czech: Zahájí ), assisted in the defense of Protivín by the "Brigade de Piémont" and fought with the cavalry in the Days before the occupation of Prague.

Back in France, it was garrisoned in Strasbourg .

In 1743 the regiment became the property of the House of La Rochefoucauld , which was to provide the next four Mestres de camp. It moved to Italy in 1744, where it took part in the last five campaigns of the war. There it was involved in all sieges still carried out , as well as in the battle of Piacenza and the Tidone.

In 1746 the regiment found itself in the area around Lyon . In 1747 it stood in the Camp de Valence, then it moved to La Charité-sur-Loire , Castres, Carcassonne and Méolans-Revel , in 1750 it was in Belfort, 1751 in Vaucouleurs , 1752 in Montbrison (Loire) , 1753 in Lyon, 1754 in Charleville and Mézières, 1755 in Camp de Richemont and Vervins , 1856 in Phalsbourg and 1757 in Landau (Palatinate).

In the Seven Years' War the Régiment de La Rochefoucauld was commanded to Germany, where it was used in the Battle of Hastenbeck and the Battle of Krefeld . In 1760 it was in the border guards in Brittany .

With the reorganization of the cavalry on December 1, 1761, the regiment was given the name "Royal-Champagne" (Mestre de camp of the regiment was now the king himself) and it rose to number 20 in the ranking of the cavalry regiments. In the course of this reorganization, the remnants of the dissolved "Régiment de Preyssac cavalerie" were incorporated in Nantes on April 10, 1763 .

Until the beginning of the French Revolution, the regiment changed its garrison at short intervals. It was in 1763 Rennes, 1764 in Provins , 1766 in Landau, 1768 in Joigny , 1771 in Metz , 1772 in Lille , 1773 in Neufchâteau, 1774 in Épinal , 1775 in Thionville , 1777 in Libourne with a détachement in Montauban , 1780 in Belfort, 1782 in Abbeville, 1783 in Calais and Ardres , 1784 in Hesdin, 1787 in Béthune and Arras, 1788 in the Camp de Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais) , in the Camp of Chartres and in Châteaudun , and in 1790 in Falaise and Pont- Audemer .

At the beginning of the war in 1792 two escadrons were assigned to the "Armée du Nord", one to the "Armée du Rhin"; the 4th Escadron stayed in Tournai .

Battle of Hohenlinden

It then served in the "Armée du Nord" until 1796, but took part in the 1796 campaign in the "Armée de Sambre-et-Meuse". From 1797 until the day of the dissolution on the occasion of the reorganization of the armed forces in 1803 it was continuously with the Rhine Army, the last battle in which it took part was the Battle of Hohenlinden . The dissolution took place in Liège and Maastricht , the regiment was distributed as follows:

Known members of the regiment

Maréchal Louis-Nicolas Davout as a sous-lieutenant .

literature

  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer (Depuis novembre 1737, jusqu'en décembre 1738) , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , by MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, cinquième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1762
  • Chronique historique-militaire , Pinard, tomes 3, 5 et 6, Paris 1761, 1762 et 1763
  • Le général Susane, Histoire de la cavalerie française, J.Hetzelet C °, Paris, 1874.
  • Colonel Bonal, Les Régiments de Champagne sous l'Ancien Régime, Dominique Guéniot, 2000.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ordonnance du 1er décembre 1761, État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , p. 380
  2. ↑ Since the Régiment Royal-Allemand cavalerie (No. 15) had completely emigrated after the king was deposed, all the following regiments moved one place forward in the numbering.
  3. ↑ Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739
  4. ↑ The lap envelopes, however, were never in the same color as the skirt, that's not true