13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Légion des Américains et du Midi
13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval
Régiment de guides de la Garde impériale

Insigne du 13e RCC.png

Association badge 1965 to 1998
active September 6, 1792 to June 26, 1998
Country PB France CoA.png France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg army
Branch of service cavalry
Type Partly mobile security regiment
Patron saint St. George
motto "Sans peur et sans reproche" (without fear and above reproach)

The 13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval was a regiment of hunters on horseback , which was established during the French Revolution under the name Légion des Américains et du Midi . The regiment existed under changing names until 1998.

Lineup and significant changes

  • September 7, 1792: The National Assembly decided to set up the "Légion franche", formed from volunteers from the Antilles and from the African parts of the country that were dominated by France (Comptoirs africains) . It was named Légion des Américains et du Midi . The strength should be 800 hunters on foot and 200 hunters on horseback.
  • By decree of December 6, 1792, the colloquially "Hussards américains" (American hussars ) called troops were assigned to the "Chasseurs à cheval".
  • February 21, 1793: Renamed "13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval". The planned 800 hunters on foot could not be recruited.
  • March 7, 1793: By decree, the hussar companies "Hussards de la Mort", "Hussards de l'Égalité" and "Hussards de la Légion des Alpes" were incorporated into the "13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval".
  • March 1794: The 1st company, consisting of 84 colored riders, was transferred to Brest to be sent to Saint-Domingue to fight the slave revolt . That was then called off, and the company formed the “13 e bis régiment de chasseurs à cheval” with the Escadron of the “Dragons de la Montagne” and the “Escadron Cavalerie nationale ”.
  • 1795: Incorporation of the "13 e bis régiment de chasseurs à cheval" into the "13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval"
  • December 1815: dissolution
  • 1816: re-established as the Regiment des chasseurs de la Meuse
  • 1830: Renaming to "13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval"
  • February 19, 1831: Renaming to “8 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval”, the former “18 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval” took over No. 13.
  • January 1, 1837: renamed "7 e régiment de lanciers"
  • 1840: renaming to "13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval"
  • 1852: Incorporation into the Garde impériale with the new name Régiment de guides de la Garde impériale
  • May 20, 1871: The “10 e régiment de marche de cavalerie légère” (10th light cavalry marching regiment ) was put together from the remains of the lost imperial guard cavalry . The former régiment de guides de la Garde impériale was converted into the 9 e régiment de hussards .
  • 1871: re-establishment of the "13 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval"
  • 1927: dissolution
  • 1965: Established as Régiment de réserve (partially mobile security regiment), until 1983 the 4 e régiment de chasseurs , then subordinated to the 1 er régiment de Spahis until its dissolution
  • 1998: dissolution

Colonels / Chefs de brigade

The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803, from 1793 to 1803 the name Chef de brigade was used in the French army .

  • July 1793: Joseph Bologne de Saint-George
  • September 1793: Joseph Bologne de Saint-George was deposed; Jean-François Target became the new commander
  • (...)
  • 1802: Chef de brigade Nicolas Pultière
  • 1807: Colonel Domangeo
  • 1814: Colonel Rodolphe de Faÿ de La Tour-Maubourg
  • 1815: Colonel Bernard Prués
  • (...)
  • 1852: Colonel Fleury
  • 1860: Colonel de Montaigu
  • 1866: Colonel Joachim Murat (1834–1901), 4th Prince Murat
  • 1870: Colonel de Percin de Northumberlain
  • (...)
  • 1907: Colonel Tillette de Clermont-Tonnerre
  • (...)
  • 1969: Colonel Page
  • 1974: Colonel Aubin
  • 1976: Colonel Ottavy
  • 1981: Colonel Préaubert
  • 1986: Colonel Peyrot
  • 1989: Colonel Bernard
  • 1992: Colonel Riboud
  • 1995 to 1998: Colonel Ortis

Mission history

Wars of Revolution and Empire

  • September 1792: installation in Paris
  • November 1792: Division in Amiens
  • February 1793: Garrison in Laon
  • March 1793: An escadron of 75 men was assigned to the Dumouriez army.
  • May 1793: The replacement depot was set up in Béthune . The unit was 559 men in Lille and was assigned to the army in Belgium.
  • April 22, 1793: The 1st company with 84 men was transferred to Brest to be embarked from there to Saint-Domingue, which the men did not want. A delegation was therefore sent to Paris, which was able to get the National Assembly to revoke this order. They were then put up for disposal by Jean-Baptiste Carrier . This operated in the Vendée , where he was distinguished by his brutality.

Campaigns :

Use in the battle of Austerlitz
Use in the battle of Eylau
Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
  • 1814: Fighting in Spain, battle of Orthez , campaign in France
  • 1815: Campaign in Belgium

1815 to 1848

Second empire

First World War

The regiment was brought to a state of war in Vienne (Isère) . It was split up, the escadrons served in reconnaissance, patrol and liaison services throughout the war. For this reason, only individual escadrons may have been awarded, but not the regiment as a whole.

1914

Campaign in Lorraine, Flanders and the Yser . At the end of the year the unit was at rest in Compiègne .

1915

From February the regiment was in Alsace .

1916

...

1917

...

1918

...

Interwar period

In 1921 the regiment was stationed in Chambéry , where it replaced the disbanded 9 e régiment de hussards . In 1928 it was dissolved here.

Last activation

Between 1965 and 1998 the regiment was stationed first in Lyon and then in Valbonne . It was a partially mobile security regiment that, when it was disbanded, consisted of a staff and support squadron, two light escadrons (equipped with Hotchkiss M201 ) and three escadrons on trucks (which parts were cadre is not known).

The last roll call took place on June 20, 1998 in the "Caserne Sergent Blandan" in Lyon. The commandant, Colonel François Ortis, delegated the task of rolling up the regimental flag to his deputy, Lieutenant-Colonel John-Paul Basset. The last ensign was Lieutenant Philippe de Roquefeuil, platoon leader in the 1st Escadron ERI (Escadrons de Recherche et d'Intervention) of Capitaine Eric Simon.

Regimental flags

  • 1804 to 1812

  • 1812 to 1814

  • 1998 (front)

  • 1998 (back side)

Since Napoleonic times, the last flag carried has had the name of the battles in which the regiment honored on the reverse in gold letters.

Motto

Sans peur et sans reproche

Known members of the regiment

Honors

The regiment as such did not receive any awards for its participation in the First World War, the flag ribbon (cravate) is therefore without decorations. For the participation of the previous regiment in the Battle of Solferino, the unit was awarded the gold medal of the city of Milan, in accordance with French tradition.

  • Gold Medal of the City of Milan

literature

  • SHAT Vincennes, Ref. 13B, pp. 170 and 173.
  • Historique du 13e régiment de chasseurs à cheval (Campagne 1914–15–16–17–18). H. Martin, Vienne 1920 ( digitized on Gallica ).
  • Les cavaliers des guerres napoléoniennes. Les troupes coloniales de Napoléon “Hussard américain”. Brochure No. 112, Editions Del Prado.
  • Edouard Desbrière: La cavalerie pendant la Révolution. Berger Levrault, Paris 1907.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Hussards de Saint-Georges ou Légion franche de cavalerie des Américains du Midi on www.1789-1815.com
  2. ↑ volunteer units
  3. ^ JB Duvergier: Collection complète des Lois, Décrets, Ordonnances, Réglemens, Avis du Conseil-d'Etat. Volume 5, p. 183 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  4. ↑ to = additionally
  5. ↑ Historique du 13e régiment de chasseurs à cheval (Campagne 1914-15-16-17-18). H. Martin, Vienne 1920 ( digitized on Gallica )
  6. ↑ Regulation No. 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply industry. Published in the Official Army Bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007.
  7. ^ Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A by Michèle Alliot-Marie