Lu (state)
Lu ( Chinese 魯國 / 鲁国 , Pinyin Lǔguó , W.-G. Lu Kuo ), also called Eastern Lu ( 東 魯 / 东 鲁 , Dōnglǔ , Tung Lu ), was an ancient Chinese state that existed during the time of spring - and autumn annals in what is now Shandong Province .
The state emerged in the 10th century BC and went into effect in 256 BC. Under.
Lu was located in the southwest and center of what is now Shandong Province . It bordered the two powerful states of Qi in the north and Chu in the south. The capital was Qufu .
Despite its relatively small size, Lu managed an army of qi in 684 BC. Strike back. Political power of the state was later divided between the Jisun, Mengsun, and Shusun families. In 256 BC Chr. Lu was annexed by Chu.
Lu was the home of Confucius .
Princes of Lu (State)
The rulers of Lu traced their lineage back to Zhou Gong Dan (Duke Dan of Zhou), the brother of the founder of the Zhou dynasty . The princes of Lu carried the title Gong in the feudal system of the Zhou dynasty , which can be roughly translated as that of a European duke . The schematically awarded, posthumous ruler's names , by which they are known today, are accordingly composed of the components Lu [posthumous name] Gong, which can be translated as "Duke [name] of Lu".
| Chinese convention: Lu + posthumous name | ||
| Posthumous name ( 謚 號 / 谥 号 , Shìháo ) | Personal name | Duration of the reign v. Chr. |
|---|---|---|
| Bai Qin ( 伯禽 , Bǎi Qín ) | Ji Bai Qin ( 姬 伯禽 , Jī Bǎi Qín ) | 1043-998 |
| Kao Gong ( 考 公 , Kǎo Gōng ) | Ji Qiu ( 姬 酋 , Jī Qi ) | 997-994 |
| Yang Gong ( 煬 公 / 炀 公 , Yáng Gōng ) | Ji Xi ( 姬 熙 , Jī Xī ) | 993-988 |
| You Gong ( 幽 公 , Yōu Gōng ) | Ji Zai ( 姬 宰 , Jī Zǎi ) | 987-974 |
| Wei Gong ( 魏公 , Wèi Gōng ) | Ji Xi ( 姬 晞 , Jī Xī ) | 973-924 |
| Li Gong ( 厲 公 , Lì Gōng ) | Ji Zhuo ( 姬 擢 , Jī Zhuó ) | 923-887 |
| Xian Gong ( 獻 公 / 献 公 , Xiàn Gōng ) | Ji Ju ( 姬 具 , Jī Jù ) | 886-855 |
| Zhen Gong ( 真 公 , Zhēn Gōng ) | Ji Bi ( 姬 濞 , Jī Bì ) | 854-826 |
| Wu Gong ( 武 公 , Wǔ Gōng ) | Ji Ao ( 姬 敖 , Jī Áo ) | 825-816 |
| Yi Gong ( 懿公 , Yì Gōng ) | Ji Xi ( 姬 敖 , Jī Xì ) | 815-807 |
| Fei Gong ( 廢 公 / 废 公 , Fèi Gōng ) | Ji Bai Yu ( 姬 伯 御 , Jī Bǎi Yù ) | 806-796 |
| Xiao Gong ( 孝公 , Xiào Gōng ) | Ji Cheng ( 姬 稱 / 姬 称 , Jī Chēng ) | 795-769 |
| Hui Gong ( 惠 公 , Huì Gōng ) | Ji Fu Nie ( 姬 弗涅 , Jī Fú Niè ) | 768-723 |
| Beginning of the reporting period | ||
| Yin Gong ( 隐 公 , Yǐn Gōng ) | Ji Xi Gu ( 姬 息 姑 , Jī Xī Gū ) | 722-712 |
| Huan Gong ( 桓公 , Huán Gōng ) | Ji Yun ( 姬 允 , Jī Yǔn ) | 711-694 |
| Zhuang Gong ( 莊 公 / 庄 公 , Zhuāng Gōng ) | Ji Tong ( 姬 同 , Jī Tóng ) | 693-662 |
| Min Gong ( 閔 公 / 闵 公 , Mǐn Gōng ) | Ji Qi ( 姬 啟 / 姬 启 , Jī Qǐ ) | 661-660 |
| Xi Gong ( 僖 公 , Xǐ Gōng ) | Ji Shen ( 姬 申 , Jī Shēn ) | 659-627 |
| Wen Gong ( 文公 , Wén Gōng ) | Ji Xing ( 姬 興 / 姬 兴 , Jī Xīng ) | 626-609 |
| Xuan Gong ( 宣 公 , Xuān Gōng ) | Ji Nei ( 姬 餒 / 姬 馁 , Jī Něi ) | 608-591 |
| Cheng Gong ( 成 公 , Chéng Gōng ) | Ji Hei Gong ( 姬 黑 肱 , Jī Hēi Gōng ) | 590-573 |
| Xiang Gong ( 襄公 , Xiān Gōng ) | Ji Wu ( 姬 午 , Jī Wǔ ) | 572-542 |
| Ji Ye ( 姬 野 , Jī Yě ) | 542 | |
| Zhao Gong ( 昭公 , Zhāo Gōng ) | Ji Chou ( 姬 稠 , Jī Chóu ) | 541-510 |
| Ding Gong ( 定 公 , Dìng Gōng ) | Ji Song ( 姬 宋 , Jī Sòng ) | 509-495 |
| Ai Gong ( 哀公 , Āi Gōng ) | Ji Jiang ( 姬 將 / 姬 将 , Jī Jiāng ) | 494-468 |
| End of the reporting period | ||
| Dao Gong ( 悼公 , Dào Gōng ) | Ji Ning ( 姬 寧 / 姬 宁 , Jī Níng ) | 467-437 |
| Yuan Gong ( 元 公 , Yuán Gōng ) | Ji Jia ( 姬 嘉 , Jī Jiā ) | 436-416 |
| Lu is no longer independent | ||
| Mu Gong ( 穆公 , Mù Gōng ) | Ji Xian ( 姬 顯 / 姬 显 , Jī Xiǎn ) | 415-383 |
| Gong Gong ( 共 公 , Gòng Gōng ) | Ji Fen ( 姬 奮 / 姬 奋 , Jī Fèn ) | 382-353 |
| Kang Gong ( 康 公 , Kāng Gōng ) | Ji Tun ( 姬 屯 , Jī Tún ) | 352-344 |
| Jing Gong ( 景 公 , Jǐng Gōng ) | Ji Yan ( 姬 匽 , Jī Yǎn ) | 343-323 |
| Ping Gong ( 平 公 , Píng Gōng ) | Ji Shu ( 姬 叔 , Jī Shú ) | 322-303 |
| Wen Gong ( 文公 , Wén Gōng ) | Ji Jia ( 姬 賈 , Jī Jiǎ ) | 302-280 |
| Qing Gong ( 頃 公 / 顷 公 , Qǐng Gōng ) | Ji Chou ( 姬 讎 , Jī Chóu ) | 279-256 |
literature
- Michael Loewe (Ed.): “The Cambridge history of ancient China”: from the origins of civilization to 221 BC Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge et al. 2006, ISBN 0-521-47030-7 .
- Herrlee G. Creel: “The birth of China”: a study of the formative period of Chinese civilization. Hungarian Publ., New York, NY 1979, ISBN 0-8044-6093-0 .
- Robert H. Mathews: “Mathews' Chinese-English dictionary”: a Chinese-English dictionary compiled for the China Inland Mission. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. 2000, ISBN 0-674-12350-6 .