Ludwig Maria Keyser

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Ludwig Maria Keyser (also Ludwig Maria Kaiser ) (born February 2, 1765 in Stans , † February 28, 1840 ibid) was a Swiss politician.

Life

Louis de Keyser was the son of the provincial governor , state governor and Landamman Kaspar Remigi Keyser (born September 30, 1711 Stans, † January 16, 1789 ibid) and his wife Klara Regina Lussi with which this was remarried since 1748th He came from a family that had held the higher military and political offices in the canton of Nidwalden since 1558 and the highest in the 17th and 18th centuries .

Keyser attended high school in Lucerne and then studied in Italy in Milan , Pavia and Modena . In 1785 he became the leader of the enlightened Patriot Party , he was a member of the Helvetic Military Society and the aristocratic Carnival Society of the Insurmountable Grand Council of Stans .

In the early 1790s Keyser wrote the dramas The Battle of Sembach and The New Year's Day in Unterwalden 1308 , which were performed in his home town and in which he also worked as an actor. In 1793 the pieces were also performed in Zurich .

When the Nidwalden regiment Jann was set up in Spain in 1793 , he joined this regiment as grenadier captain. He stayed mainly in the eastern coastal cities and on Mallorca , where he learned English as well as Spanish. In 1798 he was relieved of his position because of an unauthorized marriage, whereupon he decided to enter the civil service.

From 1798 to 1799 he was the Helvetian subordinate of the Stans district; he exercised this office with military rigor, precisely implementing the French ordre . Added to this was his sympathy for the new system and his constant opposition to the spiritual leaders, who in turn were against the Swiss government and the French. On April 7, 1798, the clergy and the people should take the oath on the new constitution in Stans. For this purpose, the canton's clergy had gathered in the Capuchin monastery in Stans, while the people gathered in the garden of the monastery. There Ludwig Maria Keyser tried to convince the people of the purpose of the oath; however, the situation escalated and attempts were made to lynch him. With the help of the moderate he was freed, whereupon he fled to the monastery. However, the clergy gathered there forced him to resign, and he was then taken to the town hall as a prisoner. The Swiss Constitution was rejected.

On September 9, 1798, Nidwalden was attacked by French troops. At least 400 people lost their lives during these terrible days in Nidwalden . a. also the brother of Ludwig Maria Keyser. Keyser took over the position as district governor until the summer of 1799.

From 1802 to 1803 he was canton governor and 1803 councilor.

In 1803 Keyser traveled with Joseph Ignaz von Flüe as a member of Nidwalden to the Consulta of the Helvetian Mediation Act in Paris . On his return he was elected district administrator during mediation , and in 1811, after new police regulations had been introduced, he was appointed the first constitutional police director. In 1813 he was appointed dormant Landammann (deputy Landammann), and from 1814 to 1838 he held the office of governing Landammann every four years.

During the various changes of government, his opinion grew that the best form of government was that which existed before the revolution. As a result, when the time of the Restoration broke out in 1814, he began to support those who wanted to reintroduce the principles of authority and legitimacy. Here he was in contradiction to most of his party who opposed the new covenant. The Conservatives won against the Liberals, and after the military occupation of the country by the Confederates, he was sent to Zurich to demand the re-entry of his canton into the Confederation.

In 1818 he devoted himself only to science and country life.

1822–1840 Keyser was the banner owner and was often represented in the Diet.

In 1798 he married Aloisia Achermann, daughter of Melchior Fidel Achermann (1733-1809), ensign and captain , later a colonel in French service.

Privileges

Keyser received the civic rights of Lucerne .

Works

  • Arnold von Winkelried or the Battle of Sempach, 1791
  • Memorandum of the Kt. Unterwalden Nid dem Wald to all higher eidg. Stands about the incorporation of Engelberg with the canton of Unterwalden ob dem Wald, 1816

literature

  • Robert Durrer : District governor Ludwig Kaiser. In: Nidwalden a hundred years ago. Hans von Matt, Stans 1898, pp. 69-74.
  • Robert Durrer: The unrest in Nidwalden after the fall of the mediation constitution and the transition from Engelberg to Obwalden. In: JSG. 28, 1903, pp. 88-244.
  • Peter Beck: Franz Niklaus Zelger, his rise to the office of Landammann (= contributions to the history of Nidwalden. Issue 17). Josef von Matt, Stans 1951 (dissertation University of Zurich).
  • Peter Beck: Franz Niklaus Zelger as Landammann (= contributions to the history of Nidwalden. Issue 27). Josef von Matt, Stans 1961.
  • Christian Mathis: Joseph Maria Businger (1764–1836) as a “citizen” pastor in Stans during the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803). Concepts, work, position. Licentiate thesis University of Friborg / Switzerland, Friborg 2005 (PDF; 1.4 MB).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ New necrology of the Germans . Voigt, 1842 ( google.de [accessed December 14, 2017]).
  2. ^ Peter Steiner: Ludwig Maria Keyser. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  3. ^ Franz Brümmer: German Poet Lexicon . H. Hugendubel, 1876 ( google.de [accessed December 14, 2017]).
  4. Peter Steiner: Kaspar Remigi Keyser. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  5. Peter Steiner: Keyser [Kaiser, Kayser, Keizer]. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  6. ^ Franz Joseph Gut: The attack in Nidwalden in 1798 in its causes and consequences . Eberle, 1862 ( google.de [accessed December 14, 2017]).
  7. ^ The revolt of Stans and the original cantons in the summer of 1799. Heinrich Caesar Laharpe. Nikolaus Friedrich von Steiger. Black from Sonnenburg. Ludwig Burkard of Basel . Part 2. Sauerländer, 1825 ( google.de [accessed December 14, 2017]).
  8. Joseph Maria Businger: The stories of the people of Unterwalden: whether and nid the forest, from its earliest origin to our times, with regard to the stories of its neighbors v. Ury and Schwyz . Meyer, 1828 ( google.de [accessed December 14, 2017]).