Luren von Daberkow

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The Luren von Daberkow are a pair of Bronze Age musical instruments whose fragments were found in 1911 and 1912 near Daberkow in Western Pomerania . Archaeological finds of Lurs in Germany are very rare, most of them come from southern Scandinavia . The Daberkower Lurs created during the Nordic Bronze Age are now looted art in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow .

history

In autumn 1911, workers from the Daberkow estate were supposed to remove the remains of a large boulder that was east of today's state road 35 in a boggy meadow north of a drainage ditch. Pieces of the boulder, which is said to have been about the height of a man and which five men could barely grasp, were allegedly blown off as early as the 1870s. The workers found metal parts made of bronze under several broken fragments, some of which they took. After the findings became known, the Knust District Councilor took the found objects into safekeeping and was able to collect several items from the villagers in Daberkow during research.

In February 1912, the Royal Museums in Berlin were informed of the discovery of two luras, which the prehistoric department acquired just two months later. In December 1912 the site was examined under the direction of Hubert Schmidt and dug up over an area of ​​2 m by 3 m. Two further matching fragments from the lower end of a lure were found in the boggy meadow, which is up to 60 cm deep.

Replicas were made, which were exhibited in the Völkerkundemuseum zu Berlin . The direction, winding and total length of the pipes could not be clearly determined due to the incompleteness of the finds, so a lure from the Danish National Museum in Copenhagen was used for the reconstruction. Hubert Schmidt put the Daberkower Lurs into a group with the Lurs from Brudevælte , which were found on the Danish island of Zealand in 1797.

After the Second World War , the Lurs von Daberkow, like numerous other cultural assets in the Soviet occupation zone , were confiscated and brought to the Soviet Union. Until the 1990s, they were probably in the depot of the Moscow Pushkin Museum. In Demminer regional museum are replicas of the replicas.

In 2013 the Lurs von Daberkow were shown as part of the exhibition in "Bronze Age - Europe without Borders" in Saint Petersburg .

description

The largest finds are two bronze sound pipes with attached discs that were decorated with bosses and nine fragments of the leadpipes. A left and a right tube can be distinguished based on the winding of the sound tubes.

Dimensions Left sound tube Right sound tube
Wingspan on the inner periphery 68.5 cm 68.5 cm
Upper circumference of the sound tube 18 cm 18.5 cm
Lower circumference of the sound tube 9.5 cm 9.5 cm
Diameter of the top opening 5.6-5.7 cm 5.7-5.8 cm
Diameter of the lower opening 2.75 cm 2.8 cm
Thickness of the pipe ~ 1 mm ~ 1 mm
Diameter of the disc 17 cm 17 cm
Thickness of the disc 1-1.5 mm 1 mm

Most of the left sound tube has been preserved, about half of the disk is missing. Two ring bands of 1.5 cm width, divided twice by three circumferential ridges and furrows, connect three partial pipes to one. There are eyelets near the end for attaching a suspension chain.

The disc of the right sound tube is bent, but completely preserved. Like the one on the left, the pipe is broken in the middle by ring bands.

From the fragments of the leadpipes, the two 10 cm long connection pieces could be assigned to the respective sound tube. The six remaining larger parts with lengths or spans between 13.8 cm and 18 cm cannot be clearly assigned to a specific lure. Here, too, there are ring bands on three pieces, in which a 0.5 cm wide central bar is bordered by four parallel ribs sloping sideways. Two pipe fragments show signs of repairs. A mouthpiece has an inside diameter of 2.4 cm at the opening, the outside with a rim of 3.8 cm. It is profiled by three ribs at the lower base. There are two eyelets on the connecting pipe section.

For use, the leadpipe was inserted into the sound tube at the end by means of its folded tube. A triangle placed on the folded pipe and a corresponding recess on the sound pipe prevented the sound pipe and leadpipe from twisting against each other.

Since all fragments had old broken edges, it can be assumed that the lurs were already broken before they were buried. It is unclear whether they were intentionally destroyed beforehand or whether the damage caused the luras to sink into the ground.

A fragment was sawed up to be examined microscopically and chemically at the Royal Materials Testing Office. According to Friedrich Rathgen's analysis , the bronze used in casting consists of 85.03% copper and 13.76% tin . When casting the bronze with a lost mold , cast core supports in the form of around 1 mm thick lamellae were used for stabilization. These core supports were made of a bronze alloy with a copper content of 88.46% and a tin content of 6.08%. As a result, they had a higher melting point than the bronze for the tubes and remained stable during casting.

The partial pipes were apparently put together in a special shape and connected to one another by casting a ring band. The bronze used for this had a tin content of 17.26% and thus a lower melting point than the tube metal, so that the tubes to be joined were not affected by the casting.

The results of the analysis suggest that the manufacturers already had extensive knowledge of the influence of the tin content on the melting point of the bronze alloy and that they used this specifically in production.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Anastassia Boutsko: "Bronze Age" in St. Petersburg. Deutsche Welle , July 9, 2013, accessed February 7, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Highlights of the Bronze Age in St. Petersburg. welt.de, accessed on December 19, 2018 .
  3. ^ Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation: Bronze Age - Europe without Borders. Exhibition with items from the Berlin Museum of Prehistory and Early History that were brought in during the war. Press images. Berlin 2013, p. 2, Figure 8 ( digitized , PDF ).