Luzon hornbill
| Luzon hornbill | ||||||||||
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Luzon hornbill |
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| Penelopides manillae | ||||||||||
| ( Boddaert , 1783) |
The long- crested hornbill ( Penelopides manillae ) is a species of bird in the hornbill family that is found in Southeast Asia.
The population of the Luzon hornbill was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016 as “ Least Concern (LC) ” = “not endangered”.
Appearance
The Luzon hornbill is a relatively small hornbill with a body length of 45 centimeters. The male's tail accounts for an average of 19.8 centimeters, while the female's tail is slightly smaller at 18.4 centimeters. The beak of the male is on average 9.1 centimeters long, that of the female is slightly shorter with an average of 7.3 centimeters. The sex dimorphism in this species is so pronounced that the sexes can also be differentiated during field observation.
Appearance of the male
The head, neck and underside of the body are pale yellowish white. The ear covers and throat are black. The top of the body and the wings are dark brown, with a slight metallic sheen on the top of the body. The tail is dark brown with small white tips on the outer flags. A band one to four centimeters long runs across the middle of the tail.
The beak is brown with a horn-colored beak horn and pale yellow or pink furrows above the upper and lower beak. The bare skin around the eyes and the featherless throat patch are pink. The eyes are dark red. The legs and feet are dark brown.
Features of the female and young birds
The adult females have a body plumage that is largely similar to that of the males. The head, neck and the underside of the body are dark brown, however, the underside of the body is slightly lighter than the top. The transverse band over the tail is a little more brown. The featherless skin around the eye is sky blue, the featherless throat pouch is pink. The eyes are reddish brown or orange.
The young birds are colored according to their sex. However, numerous feathers of the wings still have red-brown tips.
Distribution area and habitat
The distribution area of the Luzon hornbill is the island of Luzon and the adjacent smaller islands of Marinduque and Catanduanes .
The habitat are forests along watercourses or forest edges. They also look for single trees in grassland while they are looking for food.
Way of life
The Luzon hornbill lives in flocks of up to 14 individuals, who prefer to stay in the central canopy area. They like to sit in lianas or on narrow branches. They like to climb the outermost branch area to get fruits and berries. The flocks usually include young birds as well as adult males and females.
Reproductive biology has not yet been fully investigated, but the Luzon hornbill, like all other hornbills, is a cave breeder. It is believed that Luzon hornbills breed cooperatively in the wild. They show an aggressive behavior towards other hornbills. More precise data on breeding biology have been collected from Luzon hornbills kept in human care. The breeding cycle there was between 80 and 102 days. The eggs are incubated for 28 to 31 days. The nestling period of the young birds lasts 50 to 65 days.
The female closes the brood cavity with earth, excrement and wood particles except for a narrow gap. The male does not participate in closing the brood cavity. However, it brings the female food in the form of fruits, which the female sometimes also uses in the masonry. The clutch contains up to five eggs. The laying interval between the individual eggs is one to five days. The male provides the female and later the young birds with food. He chokes this out at the cave entrance. The female shows a preference for animal proteins during the breeding season.
literature
- W. Grummt , H. Strehlow (Ed.): Zoo animal keeping birds. Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-8171-1636-2 .
- Alan Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-857729-X .
Web links
- Penelopides manillae in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2012. Accessed November 19, 2016th
- Calls of the Luzon hornbill on Xeno-Canto
Single receipts
- ↑ a b Penelopides manillae in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2016 Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved on 3 October 2016th
- ↑ a b c d Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 202.
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 203.
- ↑ a b Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 204.