Martyrs of Compiègne

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The Carmelites of Compiègne in the face of the guillotine , illustration by Louis David OSB, 1906
Marble plaque on the grave with the names

The Martyrs of Compiègne or the Blessed (sixteen) Carmelites of Compiègne are the sisters of the Carmel of Compiègne who suffered martyrdom during the French Revolution during the “ Grande Terreur ” . On July 17, 1794, the Discalced Carmelites were guillotined in Paris for refusing to break their religious vows . Before their execution they renewed their profession together and sang the Veni creator spiritus . The sixteen martyrs of Compiègne rest in a mass grave on the Cimetière de Picpus in Paris. They were beatified by Pius X on May 27, 1906 . Her feast day is July 17th . Her attributes in Christian iconography are the martyr's palm and the scaffold .

Names

The sixteen sisters were:

  • Sr. Saint Louis (Marie-Anne Brideau, 41 years old)
  • Sr. Euphrasie de l'Immaculée Conception (Marie Claude Cyprienne Brard, 57 years)
  • Sr. Julie-Louise de Jésus (Rose Chrétien de Neuville, 53 years old)
  • Sr. Sainte Marthe (Marie Dufour, 51 years old, lay sister )
  • Sr. Constance de Jésus (Marie-Geneviève Meunier, 28 years old, novice )
  • Sr. Marie-Henriette de la Providence (Anne Pelras, 34 years old)
  • Sr. de Jésus Crucifié (Marie-Anne Piedcourt, 79 years)
  • Sr. Marie du Saint-Esprit (Angélique Roussel, 52 years old, lay sister)
  • M. Thérèse de Saint Augustin (Madeleine Claudine Lidoine, 41 years, prioress )
  • Sr. Thérèse de Saint Ignace (Marie Gabrielle Trézel, 51 years)
  • Sr. Charlotte de la Résurrection (Anne Marie Madeleine Françoise Thouret, 79 years)
  • Sr. Saint François-Xavier (Juliette Verolot, 30 years old, lay sister)
  • Sr. Thérèse du Coeur de Marie (Marie-Antoinette Hanisset, 52 years)
  • Sr. Catherine (Catherine Soiron, 52 years old, outside nurse )
  • Sr. Thérèse (Thérèse Soiron, 43 years old, external nurse)
  • M. Henriette de Jésus, former prioress (Marie Françoise Gabrielle de Croissy, 49 years old)

Artistic implementations

The fate of the sixteen martyrs inspired Gertrud von Le Fort to write her novella The Last on the Scaffold , after which Georges Bernanos wrote the screenplay Les Dialogues des Carmélites (German title Die Begnadete Angst ), which in turn was written by M. Tassencourt and A. Béguin for the stage was edited.

Francis Poulenc used the material in his opera Dialogues des Carmélites , which premiered on January 26, 1957 at La Scala in Milan and today is one of the few operas of the 20th century to be part of the global standard repertoire.

Based on a script by Philippe Agostini and Georges Bernanos , Philippe Agostini and Raymond Leopold Bruckberger filmed the subject in 1960 under the title Le Dialogue des Carmélites (German title sacrifice of a nun ).

Commemoration

In the Carmel of Jonquières, a neighboring village, a memorial to the sixteen martyrs of Compiègne has been established in recent years, which was redesigned in 2009. The memorabilia kept by Ms. de la Vallée and the books, pictures, manuscripts and reliquaries rescued from the convent by the only survivor of this community, Sr. Marie de l'Incarnation, are displayed there. Architecturally, the museum was modeled on a prison cell. The tour of the memorial ends in the crypt that has been converted into a chapel and is dedicated to the Mother of God under the invocation of Mary Queen of Martyrs ( Maria Regina Martyrum ).

See also

literature

  • The Blessed Mother Theresa of St. Augustine and her 15 companions from the order of the Reformed Carmelites of St. Theresa at Compiègne (= flowers from the Carmel ). Translated from the French by CM Schynse. Kirchheim, Mainz 1906.
  • Ida Lüthold: The Martyrs of Compiègne. Verlag ars sacra, Munich 1966, DNB 457467878 .
  • William Bush (ed.): Bernanos, Gertrud von le Fort and the historical sources of the novella “The Last on the Scaffold”. Carmel de Compiègne, Compiegne 1991, ISBN 2-9500964-5-X .
  • Bruno de Jésus-Marie: Le Sang du Carmel or La véritable Passion des Seize Carmélites de Compiègne. Cerf, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-204-04717-1 .
  • William Bush (ed.): La relation du Martyre des Seize Carmélites de Compiègne aux Sources de Bernanos et de Gertrud von LeFort. Manuscrits inédits de Sœur Marie de l'Incarnation. Texts présenté, établis, comparés et annoté. Cerf, Paris, 1993, ISBN 2-204-04475-X .

Web links

Commons : Martyrs of Compiègne  - Collection of images, videos and audio files