Malcidae

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Malcidae
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order : Pentatomomorpha
Superfamily : Lygaeoidea
Family : Malcidae
Scientific name
Malcidae
Stål , 1865

The Malcidae are a family of bugs (Heteroptera) from the suborder Pentatomomorpha . It comprises three genera and 32 species.

features

The small bugs are three to four millimeters long and have a sturdy body that is roughly punctiform and has flat, scale-shaped or curved, glandular setae .

Your head is curved sharply downward. Pointed eyes ( ocelli ) are formed and the cheek plates (bucculae) that laterally delimit the beak groove are large. The feelers are deflected above an imaginary line through the middle of the compound eyes . The membrane of the forewings has five non-branching veins . The tarsi are tripartite. The second to fifth sternum on the abdomen are fused, the inner laterotergites are missing. Trichobothria sit on loaf-shaped tubercles, submedially and laterally (there two in a diagonal arrangement) on the third sternum. They are absent from the fourth sternum. The lateral edges of the fifth to seventh abdominal segment are usually clearly enlarged in the shape of a brim. The spiracles are located dorsally on the second to sixth abdominal segments . In the nymphs , the olfactory gland openings are small and lie between the third to sixth or fourth to sixth tergum . In the females it is ovipositor torn (laciniat). The seventh sternum is not divided. The spermatheca of the male has an elongated duct in many species.

The eggs are square in cross section.

Autapomorphies of the family are the long thorns of the nymphs within the subfamily Malcinae, the overgrown sterna on the abdomen, the Trichobothria sitting on tubercles, the brim-shaped widened abdomen segments, the stalked compound eyes and the frequent occurrence of glandular seta.

distribution

The Malcinae are common in the Orientalis , the Chaliopinae in the Orientalis and Afrotropis . It is believed that the family has its origin and center of biodiversity in Myanmar and the mountains bordering the country to the west.

Way of life

The way of life of the genus Malcus is largely unknown. Malcus japonicus was found on Morus bombycis (genus mulberries ), Malcus flavidipes on bananas ( Musa ). The species of the genus Chauliops apparently suckle on the nightshade family (Solanaceae), but occasionally also appear as pests on beans .

Taxonomy and systematics

The group was first named by Carl Stål in 1865 as "Malcida" in a key to subfamilies of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae) in the broader sense and, despite the missing assignment of subtaxa, apparently referred to the genus Malcus . The group was viewed by many authors as a subfamily of the ground bugs, with Lethierry & Severin (1893-1896) placing them in the family Colobathristidae . The current classification of the group as a family in 1997 was confirmed by Henry's 1997 revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea . Henry also confirms the division into the subfamilies Malcinae and Chauliopinae and regards the family as a sister group to the taxon Berytidae + Colobathristidae. He justifies this with the undivided seventh abdomen segment of the females and the scale-shaped setae.

The following subfamilies, genera and species are included in the family:

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Cuiqing Gao & Wenjun Bu: Notes on fine structures of Chauliops with descriptions of two new species from China (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Malcidae). Zootaxa, 2295: pp. 1-14, 2009
  2. ↑ a b Malcidae Stål, 1865. ITIS, accessed April 19, 2014 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f R.T. Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, pp. 264ff.
  4. ^ Thomas J. Henry, Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90, 3, pp. 275-301, 1997

literature

  • RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.

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