Mallow leaf tensioner

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Mallow leaf tensioner
Mallow leaf tensioner (Larentia clavaria)

Mallow leaf tensioner ( Larentia clavaria )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Larentiinae
Genre : Larentia
Type : Mallow leaf tensioner
Scientific name
Larentia clavaria
( Haworth , 1809)
Caterpillar
Males, with wings outstretched, making the hind wings visible

The larentia clavaria ( Larentia Clavaria ), also Rehfarbiger line tensioner , Hirsch Brauner arc line tensioner , Hischbrauner Malvenspanner , Malvenspanner or wayside larentia clavaria or the deer called, is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae).

features

The moths have a wingspan of 31 to 36 mm (33 to 38 mm). The basic color of the front wings is fawn, red-brown or yellow-brown. The dark brown specimens in particular can also be tinted gray. The broad, mostly more or less clearly white-lined middle field is significantly darker than the base color, mostly light brown, brown, dark brown to gray-brown, depending on the base color. It is often a little brightened in the middle. The root or basal field lined with white on the outside is also kept in the same color as the middle field. The hem field becomes gradually darker towards the edge of the hem. It can have a "vivid" purple sheen. The wavy line is designed as a light serrated line. The hemline is also mostly light and stands out clearly in darker specimens. The moths vary relatively little in drawing and a little more in color. The wing apex of the fore wing is pointed, often a distinct dark apical line is still present.

The hind wings are light gray-brown and get darker towards the edge. There is also a light serrated line in the hem area and a weak center line. The hemline is also light.

Egg, caterpillar and pupa

The light yellow egg is spherical, the surface is smooth.

The caterpillar is green, whitish on the ventral side, with whitish point warts and black, white-edged stigmas. It has brown bristles with clearly pronounced, yellowish segment incisions. Occasionally a pink-colored topline is also formed. The other longitudinal lines are hardly indicated.

The red-brown pupa is blunt, the Kremaster has two pointed, longer bristles and several fine, curved bristles.

Similar species

The species is easily confused with the brown banded-wavy belt tensioner ( Scotopteryx chenopodiata ). In the mallow leaf tensioner, the root and middle field are bordered by white boundary lines. In the first type, the root field is usually colored differently than the middle field.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is distributed from North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles in the west, across southern, central and eastern Europe to far into Siberia (Altai Mountains). In the north the area extends into central Fennoscandia , in the south from the western Mediterranean islands, via Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, the Caucasus to Tajikistan. However, it only occurs very locally and is almost always rare. The species prefers extensively managed meadows, roadsides, field margins and roadsides, also gardens, school gardens, herb gardens and rubble sites, etc., wherever mallow species, the food plants of the caterpillars, grow. In the Alps it rises up to 1200 m above sea level.

Way of life

The mallow leaf tensioner forms one generation per year; the moths fly from August to November. They are nocturnal and come to light. During the day they hide in the vegetation and are difficult to scare away. The egg hibernates. The caterpillars can be found from April to June, rarely until July. They live on or feed on the leaves of mallow , named in particular: rose mallow ( Malva alcea ), musk mallow ( Malva moschata ), path mallow ( Malva neglecta ), common marshmallow ( Althaea officinalis ), hemp-leaved marshmallow ( Althaea cannabina ) and poplars ( Lavatera sp.). The leaf material is eaten down to the central ribs. During the day the caterpillar rests on the underside of the leaf. If the caterpillar is disturbed, it falls to the ground in a hunched shape. When rolled up, it looks like a mallow seed. Pupation takes place in July or August in a web on the ground.

Systematics and taxonomy

The species was first scientifically described in 1809 by Adrian Hardy Haworth as Geometra clavaria . The species also appears in the older literature as Larentia cervinata (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (e.g.). Geometra cervinata Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 is an unjustified emendation and also a misidentification of Phalaena cervinalis Scopoli, 1763.

  • Larentia clavaria clavaria , the nominate subspecies
  • Larentia clavaria datinaria (Oberthür, 1890), Algeria
  • Larentia clavaria pallidata (Staudinger, 1901), Cyprus, Middle East
  • Larentia clavaria saisanica Prout, 1937, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan

Danger

The species is endangered in Germany (category 3). In Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia it is even threatened with extinction, in Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia it is endangered (category 2).

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Red Lists at Science4you
  2. ^ A b Karl Eckstein: The butterflies of Germany, 4th volume, The tensioners and the bear-like butterflies. KG Lutz Verlag, Stuttgart, 1923 (p. 15, as Larentia cervinata )
  3. ↑ Leraut (2009: p. 611)
  4. ↑ Skou (1986: p. 67/8)
  5. ↑ a b Bergmann (1955: pp. 187–9)
  6. ↑ a b c Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 59)
  7. ↑ Ebert (2001: pp. 301–4)
  8. ^ Adrian Hardy Haworth: Lepidoptera Britannica: sistens digestionem novam insectorum lepidopterorum quae in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, larvarum pabulo, temporeque pascendi; expansions alarum; mensibusque volandi; synonymis atque locis observationibusque variis; adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalem spectantes. Part 2, pp. 254-376, London, J. Murray, 1809 (p. 302)
  9. ^ Butterflies and Moths of the World Generic Names and their Type-species
  10. ^ Charles Oberthür: Lepidoptères d´Algérie. Études d'entomologie: Faunes entomologiques; descriptions d'insectes nouveaux ou peu connus, 1890: 17–33, Rennes 1890 (p. 32, pl.6, fig. 44).
  11. ↑ Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid Moths of various entomological collections in Israel (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Entomofauna Journal of Entomology, 18 (1): 1-20, Ansfelden, 1997 ISSN  0250-4413

literature

  • Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 8. Moth VI (Geometridae 1st part). Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3497-7
  • Patrice Leraut: Moths of Europe. Volume II. Geometrid moths. NAP Editions 2009, ISBN 978-2-913688-09-4
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  • Peder Skou: The geometroid moths of North Europe (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae and Geometridae). 348 S., Leiden, Brill, 1986 online at GoogleBooks

Web links

Commons : Larentia clavaria  - collection of images, videos and audio files