Mandume yaNdemufayo

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Mandume yaNdemufayo (before 1917)

Mandume yaNdemufayo , also Mandume Ya Ndemufayo (* around 1894 in Angola ; † February 6, 1917 in German South West Africa ) was a king of the Uukwanyama in what is now northern Namibia and southern Angola and one of the most important traditional leaders in Namibian history. He was King from 1911 until his death in 1917, possibly due to suicide or an attack by Union soldiers of South Africa . Ndemufayo has hero status in Namibia and Angola.

Life path

Mandume yaNdemufayo was the only male descendant of his mother Ndapona Shikende and his father Ndemufayo. He was tutored by German missionaries and grew up in the kingdom of the Uukwanyama in difficult times that were marked by clashes with the first European missionaries and traders. Although he was only third in line to the throne, attacks on his life were considered likely. He took the throne in 1911 and moved the capital to Ondjiva in what is now Angola. He expelled all Portuguese traders from his kingdom. He was considered an excellent economist and prepared his people for periods of drought. He wanted to rebuild what was once a very rich kingdom.

Ndemufayo persecuted Christians who fled by the thousands to the kingdom of the Ondonga . At that time Kambonde kaNgula III ruled here . , later then Martin Nambala yaKadhikwa . He opposed the Roman Catholic Church of the Portuguese and the Rhenish Mission Society . The only white people he tolerated in his empire were Lutherans, who taught reading, writing and the Lutheran religion.

It wasn't until the beginning of World War I in 1915 that Europeans began to take military action against the well-organized armed forces of the Uukwanyama, which had been weakened by a drought. In the Battle of Omongwa , the Uukwanyama were able to withstand the Portuguese for three days. At the same time, however, they lost their territories in what is now Namibia to the South African army, as a result of which Ndemufayo died in 1917. He is said to have spoken out against surrender until his death. Mandume was buried in both Namibia (head) and Angola (body).

It was not until 80 years after Ndemufayo's death that a Uukwanyama king, Cornelius Mwetupunga Shelungu , was installed again.

Honors

Mandume Ya Ndemufayo Avenue in Windhoek

Ndemufayo was one of the first people to be buried (symbolically) in 2002 on the Heldenacker near Windhoek. In the same year the King Mandume memorial was inaugurated in Oihole, Angola . Numerous streets in Namibia, including the capital Windhoek, are named after Mandume yaNdemufayo . In Lubango , Angolan , the Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo , which opened in 1963, has been named after him since 2009. In February 2017, the 100th anniversary of Ya Ndemufayo's death was celebrated in a grand ceremony in Omhedi and on February 6, 2019, the King Mandume literary prize was awarded for the first time in Angola .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Order out of Chaos: Mandume Ya Ndemufayo and Oral History. In: Journal of Southern African Studies , January 19, 1993.
  2. ↑ Mandume ya Ndemufayo's memorials in Namibia and Angola. UWC. ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 30, 2019. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / etd.uwc.ac.za
  3. ↑ Mandume: o rei que haben se curva medium.com , October 1, 2018, accessed April 30, 2019.
  4. ↑ Mandume: o rei que haben se curva medium.com , October 1, 2018, accessed April 30, 2019.
  5. ↑ Cristina Udelsmann Rodrigues: The Kwanhama partitioned by the border and the Angolan perspective of cross-border identity In: African Studies, May 2017, accessed on April 30, 2019.
  6. ↑ Sam Nujoma : Heroes' Acre Namibia Opening Ceremony - inaugural speech . via namibia-1on1.com. August 26, 2002.
  7. ^ Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo. Official website. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  8. ↑ Tradição Histórica e Académica umn.ed.ao , accessed on May 1, 2019.
  9. ^ Thousands honor King Mandume . In: The Namibian , February 6, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2019. 
  10. ↑ Governador insatisfeito com má conservação do Complexo de Oihole angop.ao , February 6, 2019, accessed on April 30, 2019.
predecessor Office successor
Nande King of the Uukwanyama
( Kings of Ovambo ) 		Cornelius Mwetupunga Shelungu
personal data
SURNAME yaNdemufayo, Mandume
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ndemufayo, Mandume Ya
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Namibian traditional guide
DATE OF BIRTH around 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Angola
DATE OF DEATH February 6, 1917
Place of death German South West Africa