Maria Esslinger

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Maria Eßlinger (born March 4, 1913 in Nuremberg ; † January 1, 2009 in Braunschweig ) was the first German female aerospace engineer .

Life

Maria Eßlinger was born in Nuremberg in 1913 as the daughter of the lawyer Ludwig Eßlinger. After her father died in 1917, she and her older brother lived in simple circumstances, but Eßlinger attended the secondary school for girls and the secondary school in Nuremberg. After graduating from high school and doing a 6-month internship at MAN in Nuremberg, she began to study aircraft construction at the Technical University of Danzig . After completing her intermediate diploma, she moved to the Technical University of Berlin . Here she studied with Herbert Wagner and Hans Reissner . She passed her diploma in 1936; the subject of her diploma thesis was the construction of a sport airplane.

She found her first job at the Dingler factory in Zweibrücken . She worked as a structural engineer and dealt with the calculations of pressure pipes, tanks and wind tunnels. In 1944 she moved to Stahlbau B. Seibert GmbH in Aschaffenburg . The director of the company, Bernhard Seibert, promoted Eßlinger. He encouraged her to publish her findings and made it possible for her to study for a semester at the École des Ponts ParisTech . Many of her writings were later written in French.

He supported her in her doctorate, which took place in 1947 with a thesis on the static calculation of boiler bottoms by Kurt Klöppel at the Technical University of Darmstadt , where she systematically applied the transfer method to the calculation of rotating bowls for the first time . The habilitation followed in 1953 at the University of Saarland .

After completing his habilitation, Eßlinger worked for MAN at the Gustavsburg plant from 1955 to 1958 . There, together with Walter Pelikan , she developed a method for calculating orthotropic slabs , which quickly became established in steel bridge construction and was a standard method up to the diffusion phase of structural engineering. This work also gained her international attention and recognition.

Then she moved to the Düsseldorf steel construction company Gollnow and was significantly involved in the design planning for a new suspension bridge over the Tajo in Lisbon . However, the tender was won by the American steel company US Steel and the construction was carried out according to plans by David B. Steinman . As a scholarship holder of the German Research Foundation , her findings from the planning of the bridge flowed into a new computer program.

From 1963 until her retirement in 1978, Maria Eßlinger worked at the Institute for Aircraft Construction of the German Aerospace Research and Research Institute in Braunschweig and researched the stability of shells , especially the aspect of post-denting behavior . Her high-speed recordings of the buckling behavior of thin-walled model cylinders attracted a great deal of attention. With these recordings, she was able to make the complex process visible for the first time. Their findings form the basis of the technical regulations on shell denting today .

Publications

  • Eßlinger, M., Geier, B .: Buckling And Postbuckling Behavior Of Discretely Stiffened Thin-Walled Circular Cylinders. (1998)
  • Eßlinger, M., Ahmed, SR, Schroeder, H.-H .: Stationary wind loads in open and closed circular-cylindrical silos. (1998)
  • Eßlinger, M., Geier, B., Poblotzki, G .: Verification of computer programs by discussion of the results. (1991)
  • Eßlinger, M., Poblotzki, G .: Approximate calculation for the buckling loads of conical shells under axial load and internal pressure in the elastic range. (1991)
  • Eßlinger, M., Poblotzki, G .: Buckling loads of cones under external pressure in the elastoplastic area. (1991)
  • Eßlinger, M., Poblotzki, G .: Bumps under wind pressure. (1991)
  • Eßlinger, M .: Flat iron ring on cylinders under external pressure. (1991)
  • Eßlinger, M., Poblotzki, G .: Stress and stability calculation of rotation shells under non-axially symmetrical, large-area loading in the elastoplastic area. (1990)
  • Eßlinger, M., Thaer, G., Weiss, HP: A simple FEM program for thin-walled circular cylinders that are stiffened by longitudinal ribs and rings. (1983), KfK-CAD 207 (May 83)
  • Eßlinger, M., Melzer, HW: Calculation of the stresses and the finitely large deformations of rotation shells with and without bulging under non-axially symmetrical loading over a large area. (1982), KfK-CAD 192 (April 81)
  • Eßlinger, M., Kerkhoff, H., Melzer, HW, Taelmann, EW: Calculation of the buckling loads of thin-walled rotation shells under axially symmetrical loading in the elastic range. (Theoretical basics of the FO4BO7 program). (1981), KfK-CAD 176 (January 81)
  • Eßlinger, M., Thaer, G .: A simple FEM program for the calculation of thin-walled circular cylinders with longitudinal ribs. (1981), KfK-CAD 190 (July 81)
  • Eßlinger, M., Kretschel, K., Melzer, HW: Calculation of the stresses and the finitely large deformations of an ideal circular cylinder under non-axially symmetrical loading. (1980), KfK-CAD 165 (August 80)
  • Eßlinger, M., Kerkhoff, H .: Calculation of the buckling loads of ring-stiffened rotation shells under axially symmetrical loading in the elastic range. (1979), KfK-CAD 137 (May 79)
  • Kerkhoff, H., Eßlinger, M., Meier, F .: Stress calculation of general rotation shells with axially symmetrical loading and of circular cylinders with asymmetrical marginal forces. (1977), KFK-CAD 16
  • Eßlinger, M., Meier, F .: Calculation of the stresses in a thin-walled shell of revolution with axially symmetric loading - Part II: Large deformations. (1977), KFK-CAD 38 (July 77)
  • Eßlinger, Maria: Wind tunnel of life. Memories of an engineer. Frieling, Berlin 2000, ISBN 978-3-82801-173-1 .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Obituary by Heinz Duddeck, TU Braunschweig on shellbuckling.com , accessed on October 8, 2017
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Karl-Eugen Kurrer: History of structural engineering. In search of balance . 2nd Edition. Ernst, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-433-60642-1 , pp. 972 ( books.google.de ).
  3. ↑ a b Calculation of single and multiple diamond carriers . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-85742-3 ( books.google.de ).
personal data
SURNAME Esslinger, Maria
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German aerospace engineer
DATE OF BIRTH March 4, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH January 1, 2009
Place of death Braunschweig