Maria Luiko

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Maria Luiko (born January 25, 1904 in Munich as Marie Luise Kohn ; murdered on November 25, 1941 in Fort Kaunas ) was a German artist and victim of the Holocaust.

Life

Marie Luise Kohn was the daughter of the grain wholesaler Heinrich Kohn and Olga Schulhöfer, her little older sister was the lawyer Elisabeth Kohn . The daughters lived in Munich's Neuhausen district with their mother, widowed in 1935, who tried to keep the wholesale business going for a while under the conditions of the Nazi persecution of the Jews. In 1938 the business had to be given up.

graphic
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Group of people before the deportation. Woodcut around 1938

From 1923 on, Kohn studied eight semesters at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and, in parallel, at the Munich School of Applied Arts , where she also had her studio for a while. In 1924 she had her first participation in an exhibition in the Munich Glass Palace , followed by regular participations up to 1931 and after the fire in the Glass Palace in 1931 with the Munich jury free .

Marie Luise Kohn took on the stage name Maria Luiko and was active in a variety of artistic fields. She was represented at local exhibitions with drawings, watercolors and oil paintings as well as paper cuttings, lithographs, woodcuts and linocut prints. She also created book illustrations, for example for Ernst Toller's Hinkemann in 1923 and for Shalom Ben-Chorin's book of poems, Die Lieder des Ewigen Brunnens, printed in 1934 .

She belonged to the circle of artists around the theater scholar Arthur Kutscher and was a member of several artists' associations.

With the handover of power to the National Socialists , Jews were ousted from public art life and banned from exhibiting. Maria Luiko was expelled from the Reich Association of German Artists . She continued to work within the framework of the limited possibilities in the cultural program of the Jewish Cultural Association , local group Munich, and made her studio available for exhibitions and theater rehearsals. With her own works she took part in various exhibitions, such as a "Graphic Exhibition of Bavarian Jewish Artists" in 1934 in Munich. In 1935/36 she designed the set for the play "Sonkin and the Main Hit" by Semen Yushkewitsch . In April 1936 she took part in the "Reich Exhibition of Jewish Artists" in the Berlin Jewish Museum .

On January 1, 1936, all Jewish artists were prohibited from using a stage name .

Luiko tried to travel abroad to prepare for emigration, but the authorities did not give her a passport. There is no information about the further path in life. On November 20, 1941, Luiko was deported "to the East" from Munich on a Nazi deportation train with 998 other people persecuted and captured as Jews , together with her mother and sister . The passenger train originally intended for Riga was diverted by the SS to Kovno (Kaunas) . On November 25, 1941, all inmates in Fort IX of Kaunas were murdered by the task force there .

literature

  • Diana Oesterle: "So sweet kitsch, I can't do that". The Munich artist Maria Luiko (1904–1941) . Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2009 ISBN 3486589903 Zugl .: Munich, Univ., Master's thesis, 2007 (not viewed)
  • Catrin Lorch: The Munich artist Maria Luiko was killed by the National Socialists. Your puppets can now be seen again for the first time . In: SZ, April 7, 2018, p. 24.
  • Luiko, Maria. In: Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945. Edited by the Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem. Saur, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 , p. 249.
  • Henning Rader: The fate of the artist Maria Luiko. The first deportation of Munich Jews in 1941 . In: Henning Rader / Vanessa-Maria Voigt: Former. jewish property. Acquisitions by the Munich City Museum under National Socialism , Munich: Hirmer 2018, pp. 216–229.

Web links

Commons : Maria Luiko  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Semen Yushkewitsch (1868–1927) , at DNB
  2. ^ Alfred Gottwaldt, Diana Schulle: The "Deportations of Jews" from the German Reich 1941–1945. Marix, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-86539-059-5 , pp. 105-106.
personal data
SURNAME Luiko, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kohn, Marie Luise
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German artist
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH November 25, 1941
Place of death Kaunas