First deportation train from Munich

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On November 20, 1941, the first deportation train left Munich with 999 persecuted Jews . He arrived on November 24 or 25, 1941 in Kaunas / Kowno, near the German ghetto and concentration camp in Kauen in Germany- occupied Lithuania . All of these people who had previously been living in Munich were murdered there, along with other 1935 prisoners from Berlin and Frankfurt am Main, in a former fortress (Fort IX) .

The traditional report of the commander of the security police and the SD in Kaunas , the leader of the Einsatzkommando (EK) 3 , SS-Standartenführer K. Jäger , reported by telegram on 25 November:

1159 Mä, 1600 Fr and 175 year-old child, total 2934 (resettlers from Berlin, Munich and Frankfurt a M)

These deportees were among the first Jews from Germany to be murdered immediately at the place of arrival. Others were initially housed in ghettos and camps under adverse living conditions before they were murdered. So a second train ended on 3rd / 4th. April 1942 with 989 people (343 of them from Munich) at the destination Piaski . For the first time in May 1942, and increasingly from mid-June 1942, the Jews from Germany were also deported to the extermination camps directly or via Theresienstadt . Up until the spring of 1945, the National Socialists abducted almost all of Munich's remaining Jewish citizens in 42 transports .

In the Munich population register, the official note for the deported persons was "migrated to unknown" .

Commemoration

The Biographical Memorial Book of Munich Jews 1933–1945 gives 978 names when searching for the keyword Kaunas.

Since November 2000 there has been an official inscription by the City of Munich in Kowno (Kaunas) (design: Beate Passow ):

In sadness and shame - and appalled at that
Silence of those who know - remember
the state capital Munich of 1000 Jewish people
Men and women on November 20, 1941
deported from Munich to Kowno and
five days later in this place
were brutally murdered.

A counterpart to this is located at Marienplatz with a slightly varied content, a line about the children :

In sadness and shame -
and appalled by the silence of those who knew -
commemorates the state capital Munich
1000 Jewish men and women who died on
Deported from Munich to Kowno on November 20, 1941 and
were brutally murdered in this location five days later.
94 children were among them.

In 2000 in the City Hall, in 2009 in the Jewish Museum and again in 2016 in the Old City Hall , the city archives showed an exhibition with photo documents of the persecution of Jews in the city under the title "... warped, unknown where" . At its center are 14 photographs showing scenes from everyday life in the camp and the deportation. Such recordings are rare and their origins in the Munich case are very strange. It was a manuscript about the history of Munich's Jews, which the municipal legal adviser Michael Meister had written in 1944. At the end of his pamphlet, peppered with anti-Semitic phrases, the lawyer described in a factual tone the exclusion of Munich's Jews - and illustrated his statements with pictures that apparently provided him with the NS offices. The historian Andreas Heusler considered Master's manuscript to be the most disturbing series of images in Munich's history. The people depicted show hardly any external signs of fear: in the midst of their mattresses, suitcases and bundles of luggage, they appear apathetic, out of place, torn from life. Their impeccable clothing looks absurdly elegant in the barrack camp or on the truck.

In 2004 and 2015, the city council decides on forms of remembrance for the Nazi victims with a central memorial that has yet to be erected and individual plaques at the victims' last known place of residence, if relatives so wish. This is why the stumbling blocks known in this form can only be set as miniature memorials to individual victims of Nazi persecution made of brass on private land in Munich . This has also happened in numerous cases.

20 KOFFER, knows ... emigrated to unknown - was an art installation in memory of deported and murdered Jewish neighbors in Sendling by Wolfram Kastner in cooperation with the Initiative Historische Lernorte Sendling 1933-45. Suitcases set up in front of Jewish houses in Sendling - period: June 3rd - including November 21st, 2008. In memory of the first large deportation of 1000 Munich Jews that night, the suitcase installation was finished.

At a commemorative event in 2019, another Munich memorial stele will be erected for the Munich victim of this crime, Dr. Michael Strich , presented to the public.

literature

  • Complete list of the executions carried out in the EK 3 area up to December 1, 1941. Published in Hans-Heinrich Wilhelm : Racial Policy and Warfare - Security Police and Wehrmacht in Poland and the Soviet Union. Passau, 1991.
  • Alfred Gottwaldt , Diana Schulle: The "deportations of Jews" from the German Reich, 1941–1945: an annotated chronology . Wiesbaden, Marix, 2005. ISBN 3-86539-059-5 u. ISBN 978-3-86539-059-2 (Data from most of the "Jewish transports" from the "Greater German Reich" are compiled and briefly commented on.)
  • Baruch Z. Ophir, Falk Wiesemann : History and Destruction of the Jewish Community in Munich 1918–1945. In: Hans Lamm (Ed.): Past days. Jewish culture in Munich , Langen Müller Verlag, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7844-1867-8 , pp. 462–494.
  • Bernhard Schoßig: Moved into the light. Jewish life in the west of Munich: A search for traces in Pasing, Obermenzing and Aubing. Munich, Herbert Utz Verlag, 2008
  • Stadtarchiv München (Ed.): > ... moved, unknown where <The first deportation of Munich Jews in November 1941. Zurich, Pendo Verlag, 2000
  • Maximilian Strnad: intermediate station "Judensiedlung". Persecution and deportation of Jewish residents from Munich 1941–1945. Munich, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2011

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Bundesarchiv.de memorial book gives the number of victims as 999. (For more information, see the first link or Federal Archives
  2. ↑ Jewish Community Frankfurt am Main (ed.): Deportation book of Jews who were forcibly sent from Frankfurt am Main in the years 1941 to 1944 . Edited by Adolf Diamant, Frankfurt am Main 1984.
  3. ↑ Hans-Heinrich Wilhelm: Race Policy and Warfare - Security Police and Wehrmacht in Poland and the Soviet Union. Passau, 1991
  4. ^ Christoph Dieckmann: German occupation policy in Lithuania 1941-1944. Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-8353-0929-6 , vol. 2, p. 961 / holocaustcontroversies: list of names of those murdered there
  5. ↑ Alfred Gottwaldt, Diana Schulle: The "Deportations of Jews" from the German Reich 1941–1945: A commented chronology. Marix, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-86539-059-5 , p. 191 / About the destination of the second transport Piaski Luterskie , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 584f.
  6. ↑ Stadtarchiv München (Ed.): > ... moved, unknown where <The first deportation of Munich Jews in November 1941. Zurich, Pendo Verlag, 2000
  7. ↑ Biographical Memorial Book of Munich Jews 1933-1945
  8. ↑ Under the title "... moved, unknown where - the first deportation of Munich Jews in November 1941" ... exhibition review by Robert Arsenschek in Münchner Merkur on April 18, 2009
  9. ↑ City council decides on the form of remembrance for Nazi victims: central memorial, individual plaques. (In the Süddt. Zeitung on the decisions of the city council in 2004 and 2015)
  10. ↑ 20 CASE, white ... migrated to unknown ... (page at ikufo.de of the artist)
  11. ↑ On Wednesday, November 20, at 12.30 p.m., the Coordination Office for Remembrance Signs in the Munich City Archives will hand over a reminder sign for Dr. Michael Stroke to the public.