St. Mary's Basilica (Krakow)
| Marienbasilika | |
|---|---|
 View from the town hall tower |
|
| Construction year: | 1221 |
| Inauguration: | 1222 |
| Style elements : | Romanesque , Gothic , Renaissance , Baroque |
| Client: | Catholic Church |
| Location: | 50 ° 3 '42 " N , 19 ° 56' 21" E |
| Address: |
Krakow Main Market Square Krakow Poland |
| Purpose: | Roman Catholic Parish Church |
| Diocese : | Krakow |
The Church of St. Mary (Polish: Kościół archiprezbiterialny Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny w Krakowie ) in Krakow , Poland , is a Roman Catholic basilica and is one of the landmarks of the city of Krakow due to its history, architecture and art treasures . In particular, the high altar from the workshop of Veit Stoss is known worldwide.
history
In place of a Romanesque church building from the years 1221–1222, the church of St. Mary Magdalene was built at the northeast corner of the market square as a classic example of Gothic architecture in Poland at the end of the 13th to the beginning of the 15th century . She bears the patronage Wniebowzięcia NMP (Mariacka) " Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary ".
Due to the growing German community in the Middle Ages , the sermons in the Polish language were displaced from the Marienkirche to the neighboring St. Barbara church . At the winter session of the Polish Parliament (Sejm) in Krakow in 1536/37, King Sigismund I ordered the sermons in Polish to be relocated to St. Mary's Church again. The German sermons, on the other hand, were to be held in the Barbarakirche. On the one hand, this was a testimony to the awakening of national self-confidence and the development of national pride, on the other hand, it was also the result of the polonization of the German bourgeoisie.
In 1970 the church was opened by Pope Paul VI. raised to the rank of a minor basilica .
Towers
The Marienkirche has two towers . A more northerly and higher one (81 m) with a pointed roof (with a clock bell) and the slightly lower one (69 m) to the south. In addition to another clock bell, it hides the four-part medieval chime. According to a legend, the towers are said to have been built by two brothers in competition. While the older brother had already completed his tower, his younger brother was still building it. Fearing that his brother might build a taller tower, he stabbed him. The tool (knife) can still be seen in the Cloth Hall today.
The Türmerstube is located in the north tower at about 54 m . Since the 14th century a ringing towers on the hour, the hour bell by hand and plays the Cracow bugle " Hejnał " in all four directions.
It breaks off in the middle of the game and is supposed to remind of the Mongol attack (then called " Tatars ") in 1241, in which the trumpeter of that time was killed by a Tatar arrow while the alarm was sounded - according to legend.
The noon signal has been broadcast live on Radio Kraków since 1927, it is the oldest permanent music broadcast in the world.
Facades
There are several memorial and gravestones on the facade. Including recognition for the Polish Pope John Paul II.
Art treasures
The most important work of art is the high altar by Veit Stoss . It is the largest altar of its kind in Europe and was created between 1477 and 1489, donated by the citizens of Krakow. The Marien Altar has the dimensions 11 m × 13 m, the height of the realistically reproduced figures is approx. 2.7 m. It was carved from oak (construction) and lime wood (figures) and, with the doors open, tells the secrets of Mary's joy from the Annunciation to the Ascension. When the doors are closed, however, the twelve scenes of the sufferings of Mary can be seen.
organ
The large organ has 56 registers on three manuals and a pedal.
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Coupling : I / II, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
Pastor and Archipresbyter
Pastor:
| Pastor | year | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stefan | 1224 |
| 2 | Rajnold | 1294 |
| 3 | Franciszek | 1318 |
Archipresbyter:
| Archipresbyter | year | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jan Grot | 1326 |
| 2 | Andrzej de Verulis | 1327 |
| 3 | Jan z Lubsicz | 1329 |
| 4th | Bertrand | 1342 |
| 5 | Mikołaj z Kurnika | 1369-1374 |
| 6th | Kieczon z Książnic | 1386 |
| 7th | Paweł Nepromis | 1394 |
| 8th | Mikołaj Piannaster | 1400 |
| 9 | Mikołaj Pieniążek | 1401 |
| 10 | Adam z Będkowa | 1413-1450 |
| 11 | Grzegorz Szworc | 1450-1485 |
| 12 | Jan Heidecke | 1500-1512 |
| 13 | Mikołaj Waltek | 1514-1542 |
| 14th | Tomasz Pszonka | 1542-1553 |
| 15th | Wojciech Niwiński | 1563-1583 |
| 16 | Jakub Górski | 1583-1585 |
| 17th | Hieronim Powodowski | 1586-1613 |
| 18th | Hieronim Alantsse | 1613-1614 |
| 19th | Krzysztof Trzciński | 1614-1640 |
| 20th | Justus Słowikowski | 1640-1654 |
| 21st | Mikołaj Słowikowski | 1654-1678 |
| 22nd | Grzegorz Januszewicz | 1678-1700 |
| 23 | Dominik Lochman | 1700-1723 |
| 24 | Jacek Łopacki | 1723-1761 |
| 25th | Leonard Kiełczewski | 1761-1795 |
| 26th | Karol Lochman | 1795-1803 |
| 27 | Grzegorz Mieroszewski | 1803-1808 |
| 28 | Jan Hofman | 1808-1809 |
| 29 | Józef Łańcucki | 1809-1841 |
| 30th | Ludwik Hasselquist | 1841-1846 |
| 31 | Franciszek Stachowski | 1846-1850 |
| 32 | Jan Kalisiewicz | 1850-1855 |
| 33 | Jan Kogutowicz | 1855-1873 |
| 34 | Zygmunt Golian | 1873-1880 |
| 35 | Ludwik Bober | 1880-1891 |
| 36 | Józef Krzemieński | 1891-1912 |
| 37 | Franciszek Symon | 1913-1918 |
| 38 | Czesław Wądolny | 1918-1925 |
| 39 | Józef Kulinowski | 1925-1944 |
| 40 | Ferdynand Machay | 1944-1967 |
| 41 | Teofil Kurowski | 1967-1983 |
| 42 | Jan Kościółek | 1983-1995 |
| 43 | Bronislaw Fidelus | 1995-2011 |
| 44 | Dariusz Raś | since 2011 |
The church is namesake of the Antarctic Mount Mariacki .
literature
- Marek Walczak, Krzysztof Czyzewski: Cracow, Prague and Vienna: Functions of Metropolises in the Early Modern State . Ed .: Marina Dmitrieva, Karen Lambrecht. Franz Steiner Verlag , Stuttgart, ISBN 978-3-515-07792-7 , Social plurality and interaction: The Krakow Cathedral and St. Mary's Church in their function for court and city, p. 112-116 .
- Krakow travel guide through an extraordinary city , Zielona Sowa, ISBN 978-83-7435-434-9 (9788374354349)
- Merian Travel Guide Krakow , Travel House Media, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8342-0338-0
- DK Eyewitness Travel Guides: Cracow , Penguin Books Ltd 2007, ISBN 978-1-4053-1937-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.gcatholic.org
- ↑ Bazylika Wniebowzięcia NMP on gcatholic.org
- ↑ Detailed information on the history and disposition of the organ ( Memento of the original from January 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish)
- ^ Bazylika Mariacka w Krakowie
