Marienhof (Munich)
| Marienhof | |
|---|---|
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 Marienhof in June 2013, the square is currently closed due to construction work |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Munich |
| District | Old town |
| Created | circa 1971 |
| Newly designed | 2012, 2013, since 2017 |
| Confluent streets | clockwise, starting in the north: Schrammerstraße, Dienerstraße, Landschaftsstraße, Weinstraße |
| Buildings | S Marienplatz (behind Landschaftsstraße: New Town Hall ) |
| use | |
| User groups | Foot traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Square area | 12,000 m² |
The Marienhof is an urban open space in Munich . It is located in Munich's old town behind the New Town Hall . Since the end of the Second World War , the square has repeatedly been the subject of discussions regarding its design. Most of the square has been fenced and torn up since 2017 - the Marienhof station on the second main S-Bahn line will be built here at a depth of around 38 meters.
history
Development before the Second World War
Medieval buildings existed here until the Second World War. At that time, between the Landschaftsstrasse and the Gruftstrasse, houses of different heights stood close together. Doctors' offices, retail stores, and law firms were located on the lower floors. Medium-sized apartments were on the upper floors.
Destruction in World War II and its consequences
Allied bombers destroyed most of Munich's city center on the night of December 18, 1944. The area of today's Marienhof on the Landschaftstrasse, Gruftstrasse and Schrammerstrasse was in ruins. Just removing the rubble took several years. In the end it was decided that the houses that once stood here should not be rebuilt. The adjacent house front on Schrammerstrasse was so badly damaged that it was finally torn down. Schrammerstrasse was then re-routed. In the west it no longer connected to Schäfflerstrasse, but to Maffeistrasse to the north. The newly created rectangular area should no longer be built on. The Marienhof as it is today was born.
The Marienhof from 1948 to 1971
The Marienhof became a temporary solution in Munich in the post-war period . As soon as the rubble of the destroyed buildings was cleared away, it was immediately used by drivers as a parking lot.
First, in 1948 , Adolf Abel developed a concept for the future use of the Marienhof: It was way ahead of its time. Even then, he wanted to achieve a car-free city center and make Marienhof the center of the city, from which five pedestrian areas should radiate into the city center - through passages, courtyards and squares. To do this, he wanted to make old building blocks more permeable, core and open them up. In fact, the Marienhof became a car park between 1948 and 1971. It was not until 24 years after Adolf Abel's groundbreaking and unrealized concept that the first pedestrian zone was set up in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kaufingerstrasse .
In previous years, the Marienhof to the site was to lateral inputs for the station Marienplatz the first subway line Munich's possible, the time between Goetheplatz and pine garden was built. All subsequent development plans had to take into account the underground station and the entrance stairs. Nevertheless, the considerations of equipping the Marienhof with an underground car park persisted until the 1980s.
Information pavilion from 1971 to 1973
On the occasion of the 1972 Olympic Games , the Tourist Office's “City Information Center” was built at Marienhof with a parking lot and a green area, although not everyone liked the green area. The resulting room layout was retained for years.
Provisional from 1974 to 1991
The Marienhof became a permanent temporary solution in the following years. It served as a fairground ( Christmas market , wine festival ) and at the same time there were many ideas about what could be built here: playground , city library , beer garden , kindergarten , children's gallery, tourist information, etc. From 1989 to 1990, archaeological excavations were used to research the course of the medieval city wall . The cellars of town houses dating from the 16th century were exposed. Many glass and pottery shards were found, the oldest finds dating from around 1400.
Green area from 1991 to 2004
Various designs for the design of the Marienhof were discarded in the late 1980s for financial reasons. Finally, the decision was made to plant trees according to a design by Stephan Braunfels . In addition, the building department of the state capital of Munich planned a playground on the last parking lot that was still available at the time on the northern edge of the Marienhof. The Hansjakob office was commissioned to design the rest of the space.
Competition for the redesign in 2006
The next step was to redesign the Marienhof for the construction of the tunnel of the second main line of the S-Bahn, as this requires a stop below the Marienhof. Therefore, in 2006 the Munich city council announced a competition for the redesign of the Marienhof.
The requirement was that the Marienhof should retain the character of an urban square in the middle of Munich's old town in the future . There should be no development. Rather, the Marienhof should become an "oasis of culture, relaxation and contemplation". For this purpose, part of the space should be usable for various temporary events and at the same time take into account the history of the Marienhof, visual references and historical structures. One challenge was how to integrate the entrances and technical facilities for the S-Bahn station on the second S-Bahn main line with an optimally developed, connected and designed upper floor without endangering the other wishes for the use and design of the surface.
The competition was conducted with a limited number of 60 participants. The jury was headed by landscape architect Prof. Gerd Aufmkolk . A 1st prize, two 3rd prizes and two purchases were selected from the 58 works submitted.
The 1st prize went to bbz landscape architects (Timo Herrmann, Berlin) with atelier pk (Philipp Koch, Berlin), because all those involved (municipal consultants, local politicians and experts) saw this solution as a viable and permanent redesign of the Marienhof, because they saw themselves fits well into the environment in terms of urban planning and allows for a wide range of uses. Last but not least, the Marienhof will also invite you to linger after this planning, as it will set a distinct green accent: surrounded by rows of trees in the middle there is a large green area, which will not least provide an important balance and counterpoint to the stone environment. According to the Munich Building Department, Marienhof is on the list of green spaces and is therefore subject to the green space statutes.
Construction of the second main S-Bahn line from 2011
The start of construction for the S-Bahn tunnel was delayed for several years. Archaeological excavations were carried out from April 2011 to the end of 2012. The square was covered with lawn in spring 2013 and has been accessible to the general public as a recreational area since June 2013. On April 5, 2017, the construction work on the second trunk line officially began with a two-day public festival at Marienhof. In the course of further archaeological excavations at Marienhof prior to the expansion of the S-Bahn, fragments of vessels from the eleventh century were found, which again prove that the Munich settlement must be older than its first documented mention in 1158.
Web links
- History of the Marienhof PDF document of the Building Department of the City of Munich (4.5 MB; with historical images)
- bbz landscape architects, Berlin
- atelier pk, Berlin
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry allowed! Marienhof is green again ( Memento from June 19, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Video: Now digging - start of construction of the second trunk line . In: https://www.tz.de/ . April 5, 2017 ( tz.de [accessed May 4, 2017]).
- ↑ sueddeutsche.de Everything to be found under the Marienhof, accessed on September 12, 2018
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 19 ″ N , 11 ° 34 ′ 35 ″ E