Margrave stones
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The margrave stones are the largest boulders ever discovered in Brandenburg . The two boulders are named Großer and Kleiner Markgrafenstein. They are located in the Rauenschen mountains south of Fürstenwalde / Spree near the town of Rauen and are known far beyond the region as a popular attraction for day-trippers. In 2006 the margrave stones were included in the list of 77 awarded National Geotopes .
origin
Both boulders, also known as bed load , came from Scandinavia during the glacier advances of the Ice Age with the inland ice . The Saale or Vistula Ice Age had transported these granite boulders from Sweden to the Sandberg in the Rauenschen Mountains, where there are a number of other large stones. They are among the largest of their kind in Germany.
The Große Markgrafenstein was the largest debris in Brandenburg and was estimated to weigh 700 to 750 tons. Before parts of the rock were blasted off, this boulder had the following dimensions: volume around 250 m³, length 7.8 meters, width 7.5 meters, height 7.5 meters.
The dimensions of the Kleiner Markgrafenstein, which is now the largest boulder in Brandenburg after the Great Margrave Stone was crushed, were given as follows until the mid-1990s: volume around 100 m³, length 5.8 meters, width 5.6 meters, height 5 , 7 meters and estimated weight of about 280 tons. According to new measurements, its volume has now been corrected to 180 m³, which means that there are no longer any larger land-lying boulders in Germany.
Both stones are made of about 1.2 billion year old red Karlshamn granite , named after the southern Swedish city of Karlshamn .
Goethe and Fontane
Goethe , who took part in the controversy at that time about the formation of rocks between Neptunism and Plutonism , dealt with the "erratic blocks" made of granite in several places in 1828. Goethe - a supporter of the Neptunists - was convinced that the boulders were remnants of an original mountain formation washed out by the effects of water: “But I am not told that the rocks lying in the Oderbruch, that the Markgrafenstein near Fürstenwalde, had come a long way; they have remained in place, as the remains of large masses of rock that have crumbled into themselves ”.
Theodor Fontane visited the margrave stones in the 1880s, which have since been considerably reduced in size. He was disappointed because he expected large, shaped boulders as one of the seven march wonders of the world in the form of an obelisk and then assessed the stones as dead elephants huddled together .
Granite bowl in the pleasure garden
From a part of the Great Marquis stone which was before the Old Museum in the Lustgarten in Berlin-Mitte standing granite bowl made. The large margrave stone had a circumference of 29.5 meters (now only 17 meters). In 1827/1828 several slices of the stone were split off with iron wedges and stone splitting tools , whereby the outermost slice served as the basis for the stone table and four stone benches, which are located on a nearby vantage point. A roughly 70 to 80-ton shell was made on site from the middle piece. A route was laid out for transport to the Spree, which is still clearly visible today. The bowl was transported to the Spree with the help of wooden rollers and brought to Berlin by barge. The stone also provided the peace column on Belle-Alliance-Platz (today Mehringplatz ), the victory column in Babelsberg Park and the eagle column on the pleasure garden terrace of the Berlin Palace. The remaining block was preserved as a remnant of the Great Margrave Stone. The stones are protected as designated natural monuments .
Say about the stones
There are some legends about the margrave stones: One often heard a pitiful whine there, which was supposed to come from a princess who was held prisoner by the devil there. The devil would have had his lock in the stones. According to another legend, the False Woldemar is buried near the stones, which is why it is said to have been given the name Markgrafenstein. There is also speculation whether the holy grove of the Semnones was located near the margrave stones .
literature
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Markgrafenstein on the Rauhischen Berge near Fürstenwalde, drawn on the spot by Julius Schoppe and lithographed by Tempeltey . In: Goethe's works. Complete last edition , Volume 85, pp. 54 f. ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dieter Göllnitz: A Brandenburg wonder of the world - the boulder "Kleiner Markgrafenstein" near Fürstenwalde / Spree . In: Ernst-Rüdiger Look, Ludger Feldmann (Ed.): Fascination Geology. The most important geotopes in Germany , E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-510-65219-3 , p. 34f.
- ↑ Sibylle Einholz : The large granite bowl in the pleasure garden. On the importance of a Berlin solitaire. S. 44. Ed. History Association Berlin: The Bear of Berlin. Yearbook of the History Association for Berlin 1997.
- ↑ Dieter Göllnitz, in: Ernst-Rüdiger Look / Ludger Feldmann (Ed.): Fascination Geology. The most important geotopes in Germany , Tübingen 2006, p. 35.
- ↑ “ Schuddebeurs & Zwenger (1992) identified the rock as Karlshamm granite. This comes from central southern Sweden and is around 1240 million years old. Its purpose has now been confirmed several times. “Quoted from Ferdinand Damaschun, Uwe Jekosch, J. H. Schroeder: The large granite bowl in the pleasure garden . Guide to the Geology of Berlin and Brandenburg, No. 6., ed. v. J. H. Schroeder, self-published geoscientists in Berlin and Brandenburg e. V., Berlin 2006. ISBN 3-928651-12-9 .
- ↑ Michael Niedermeier: Goethe and the stony path of scientific knowledge (PDF; 837 kB). In: Gegenworte 9, 2010, pp. 83–86.
- ^ Goethe: writings on geology and mineralogy. Writings on meteorology , p. 505 .
- ^ Theodor Fontane: Hike through the Markbrandenburg. Available online
- ↑ Gisela Griepentrog: Spreesagen, Berlin 2007, pp. 278–280.
Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′ 10.6 ″ N , 14 ° 2 ′ 6.6 ″ E