Martin Iwanowitsch Eppinger

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Martin Iwanowitsch Eppinger , actually Martin Abraham Eppinger , Russian Мартин Иванович Эппингер (born July 10, 1822 in Saint Petersburg ; † November 5, 1873 ibid) was a Russian-German architect . His main work are the buildings of the Russian Compound in Jerusalem .

Life

Martin Eppinger came from a family who had come to Russia from Württemberg . His father Johanes Eppinger was an instrument maker. The architect Friedrich (Fedor Iwanowitsch) Eppinger (1816–1873) was his older brother. He attended the Petri School in St. Petersburg until 1832 and then studied architecture at the Petersburg Imperial Academy . In 1840 and 1841 he won various medals. In 1852 he received the title of academic for his work as an architect in St. Petersburg and the surrounding area .

From 1853 he made extensive trips to study Byzantine monuments, including the Athos monastery.

The Russenbau on a map of Jerusalem by Conrad Schick 1894

In 1859 he received an order from the Russian Mission in the Holy Land , later the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, to build an extensive complex of buildings about 400 meters northwest of the old city of Jerusalem . The complex known today under its English name as Russian Compound (historical German name: Russenbau ) comprised around the Trinity Cathedral , consecrated in 1872, the bishop's palace, the consulate, a hospital and buildings to accommodate the numerous Jerusalem pilgrims from the Russian Empire .

  • The Russian Quarter shortly after completion

  • Trinity Cathedral

  • hospital

Church of the Holy Sepulcher (before 1881)

In 1862, Eppinger was part of a complicated compromise to restore the main dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, which had been damaged in a fire in 1808 . The dispute over this was part of the conflict over the protectorate of the Holy Sepulcher, which had triggered the Crimean War in 1853 for supremacy in the crumbling Ottoman Empire , in which Russia on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire, France and Great Britain on the other. With the mediation of the Sublime Porte , France (as the protecting power of the Catholics) and Russia (as the protecting power of the Orthodox) had agreed on a common approach. The project, completed in 1869, with an iron structure produced in France and a significantly raised dome structure, was entrusted to Eppinger together with the French architect Christophe-Edouard Mauss (1829–1914), who also restored St. Anne's Church (Jerusalem) .

His son Boris Martinowitsch Eppinger (* 1864; † after 1915) also became an architect and civil engineer.

Honors

  • 1862 honorary member of the Petersburg Academy
  • Title Council of State

literature

Web links

Commons : Martin Iwanowitsch Eppinger  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry in the Erik Amburger database.
  2. ↑ Titus Tobler : The great dispute between the Latins and the Greeks in Palestine over the holy places in the century before last and the new construction of the tomb dome in Jerusalem in the last decade. St. Gallen: Huber & Co. (F. Fehr) 1870 ( full text in the Google book search)
personal data
SURNAME Eppinger, Martin Iwanowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Eppinger, Martin Abraham (real name); Эппингер, Мартин Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-German architect
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH November 5, 1873
Place of death St. Petersburg