Martin Mendelsohn

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Martin Mendelsohn (born December 16, 1860 in Posen , † August 26, 1930 in Berlin ) was a German physician and university professor of medicine and nursing at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin .

Live and act

Martin Mendelsohn was born in Poznan to Jewish parents. He studied medicine in Berlin and did his doctorate with Ernst von Leyden , who sensitized him to the importance of dietetics and nursing measures to support medical orders. Mendelsohn completed his habilitation on February 1, 1895 on the subject of nursing and specific therapy . In the following years he gave lectures on nursing, which were intended exclusively for students of medicine. Extending these lectures to nurses could not be an issue for Mendelsohn at the time, as some of the maintenance staff were not even able to read and write. Mendelsohn wanted to establish nursing as a medical sub-discipline. In his work on nursing, however, several elements were found that had already been formulated in advance by the nurse Florence Nightingale in England, whereby Mendelsohn did not explicitly refer to Nightingale. Mendelsohn remarked that the doctor was not with the patient for 23 3 ⁄ 4  hours of the day and that during this time nursing, as applied therapy, had a substitute function for the doctor. In 1896 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . Like Ms. von Leyden, Mendelssohn's wife was involved in the Berlin Lette Association , which maintained contacts with English doctors and trained women in nursing and dietitians.

In 1899, when Mendelsohn was appointed adjunct professor, he published the monograph “ Nursing for Doctors” with Gustav Fischer in Jena. For Mendelsohn, nursing consisted of the three elements of sickness care, sickness maintenance and hypurgia. In this more differentiated understanding, it was above all hypurgia as the sum and epitome of the various measures that are summarized under the term nursing, which as a purely medical-scientific discipline had to remain in the hands of the doctor and which are institutionalized as a medical specialty should. He adopted the term hypurgy from the Corpus Hippocraticum with the intention of evaluating hypurgy scientifically and embedding it in the dietary ideas of Hippocrates . Mendelsohn took over the editing of the medical journal for nursing in 1894 . From 1901 he gave his own journal Die Krankenpflege. Monthly for all branches of nursing and medical treatment in science and practice . Here he also had caregivers, especially Hedwig von Schlichting (1861–1924), Agnes Karll (1868–1927), Clementine von Wallmenich (1849–1908) and Marie Cauer (1861–1950) publish their own articles. Despite an acquittal in court proceedings, he was relegated from Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in 1906 . From this point on, Martin Mendelsohn no longer commented on questions of nursing as a medical specialty.

Publications

  • The comfort of the sick. 2nd Edition. Hirschwald, Berlin 1892.
  • The position of nursing in scientific therapy: Speech given at the public meeting of the meeting of German naturalists and doctors in Duesseldorf on September 23, 1898. Thieme, Leipzig 1898.
  • Sick maintenance and nursing . In: Journal of Nursing. Vol. 21 (1899), p. 116 ff.
  • Nursing for Medicines (= manual of the special therapy for internal diseases. Supplement volume 1,3). Fischer, Jena 1899.
  • Alcoholic beverages and the human organism , Berlin: Erich Reiss 1930.
  • How should people with heart disease live? , Berlin Brandus 1917.

literature

  • Bärbel Lampe: The contribution of Martin Mendelsohn to the development of nursing . Med. Inaug.-Diss., Institute for the History of Medicine at the Humboldt University in Berlin, 1969.
  • Horst-Peter Wolff: Biographical lexicon for nursing history “Who was who in nursing history” , Volume 1, pp. 129–130, Ullstein & Mosby, Berlin, Wiesbaden 1997.
  • Christoph Schweikardt: The development of nursing into a state-recognized activity in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The interaction of modernization efforts, medical dominance, denominational self-assertion and guidelines for Prussian government policy , pp. 192–207, Verlag Martin Meidenbauer Munich 2008. Schweikardt: Online Resource
  • Christine Auer: History of the nursing professions as a subject: the curricular development in nursing education and training , pp. 87–92, Sc. hum. Inaugural dissertation, Institute for the History of Medicine University of Heidelberg, academic supervisor Wolfgang U. Eckart , self-published Heidelberg 2008. Abstract: History of the nursing professions as a subject.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Cossmann, Milly H .: 50 years of Lette-Verein: report author. in the order d. Board of Directors d. Latvian Association . Greve, Berlin 1916, p. Appendix .
  2. ↑ 27. Accountability report of the Lette-Verein, which is under the protectorate of Her Majesty the Empress and Queen Friedrich, for the promotion of higher education and employability of the female sex from January 1, 1899 to January 1, 1900 / Lette-Verein, http: // d-nb .info / 1020862750/34 . In: Lette-Verein (Ed.): Rechenschftsberichte . tape 27 . Berlin 1900, p. 19 .
personal data
SURNAME Mendelsohn, Martin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physician and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH December 16, 1860
PLACE OF BIRTH Poses
DATE OF DEATH August 26, 1930
Place of death Berlin