Martin Näbauer (physicist)

Martin Näbauer (* 1919 in Karlsruhe , † 1962 in Munich ) was a German physicist .

Life

Martin Näbauer studied physics at the Technical University of Munich . He completed his studies in 1949 with a diploma . From 1951 he worked as a research assistant at the Herrsching branch of the Commission for Low Temperature Research of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , which was founded in 1946 by the then Academy President Walther Meißner . In 1955 he did his doctorate at the TH Munich with the dissertation "Influence of a circular, closed magnetic field on the superconducting state of a single-crystal lead hollow cylinder". In 1958 the habilitation followed with the thesis "Experimental and theoretical investigation of the temporal course of the conversion superconductivity - normal conduction and vice versa in the case of a hollow cylinder with a circular magnetic field".

In 1961, together with his colleague Robert Doll , he achieved experimental proof of flux quantization , a prediction of the BCS theory of superconductivity independent of the experiments of William M. Fairbank and Bascom Deaver . Doll and Näbauer received clear signs of river quantization as early as April 1961, but Doll did not send their publication to the journal Physical Review Letters until June 19, 1961, with a delay . On June 15, 1961, Näbauer spoke about this at an IBM conference on superconductivity at their research center in Yorktown Heights. This was also the first evidence of a quantization effect on a macroscopic scale, in this case the magnetic flux through a coil. It also proved the prediction of the BCS theory that superconductivity was carried by electron pairs . Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer did not yet make a prediction of the flow quantization, but Lars Onsager 1959 and N. Byers and CN Yang 1961 (each with the correct prefactor for the flow quantum as found later in the experiment). Which preliminary factor to use for the quantization of the river was controversial at the time. Flux quanta were later used, for example, in highly sensitive magnetometers and concepts of quantum computers . ${\displaystyle k={\frac {1}{2}}}$ ${\displaystyle \Phi _{0}=k\,{\frac {h}{e}}}$

For their groundbreaking research results, Martin Näbauer and Robert Doll received the Physics Prize of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences in 1961 . In 1962 Martin Näbauer was to be appointed to a professorship at the TH Munich, but died one day before the contract was signed.

Fonts

• Influence of a circular, closed magnetic field on the superconducting state of a single-crystal hollow lead cylinder ; Zeitschrift für Physik , Volume 141, 1955, pp. 416-444
• with Gerhard Schubert: Theoretical studies on the stability of a cylindrical phase interface between super and normal conductors in a circular magnetic field ; Zeitschrift für Physik, Volume 151, 1958, p. 431
• Experimental and theoretical investigation of the temporal course of the transition from superconductivity to normal conduction and vice versa in the case of a hollow cylinder with a circular magnetic field ; Zeitschrift für Physik, Volume 152, 1958, pp. 328-367
• with Robert Doll: Experimental Proof of Magnetic Flux Quantization in a Superconducting Ring ; Physical Review Letters , Volume 7, 1961, p. 51

Web links

• History of physics at the Technical University of Munich (where 1910 is incorrectly given as the date of birth)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Date of birth and death as well as further biographical data and details on the discovery of flux quantization after a lecture by Dietrich Einzel: The Discovery of Fluxoid Quantization , DPG Spring Meeting, Dresden 2011
2. ↑ Place of birth and death according to [1]
3. ↑ Fairbank, Deaver, Experimental Evidence for Quantized Flux in Superconducting Cylinders, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 7, 1961, p. 43
4. ↑ Fritz London assumed k = 1 in 1950, others assumed that N was the number of particles ${\displaystyle k={\frac {1}{N}}}$
5. ↑ Brief biography of Gerhard Schubert at the University of Mainz