Martin de Azpilcueta

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Martín de Azpilcueta Jaureguízar ( Azpilicueta or Aspilcueta ) (born December 13, 1492 in Barásoain , Navarra , † June 21, 1586 in Rome ), called Doctor navarrus , was a Spanish theologian, church lawyer and economist. He belonged to the group of theologians-jurists of the Spanish Late Scholastic or School of Salamanca .

Martin de Azpilcueta

Life

Azpilcueta began his philosophical and theological studies in 1509 at the University of Alcalá , then he studied canon law in Toulouse and Cahors , where he also began to teach. In 1524 he was appointed to the first chair of canon studies at the University of Salamanca , which he held for fourteen years. He was a priest and Canon (Canonicus regularis) in the Augustinian order of the Roncesvalles congregation. In 1538 he followed the call of King John III. from Portugal to the University of Coimbra .

Through his advisory work for various tribunals of the Inquisition and the Sacra Poenitentiaria, he was finally adviser of conscience to Popes Pius V , Gregory XIII. and Sixtus V. When the archbishop of Toledo and confessor of Philip II , Bartholomäus von Carranza , was persecuted by the Inquisition for heresy in 1567 , Azpilcueta took over the defense in Valladolid and Rome , but could not prevail. Azpilcueta withdrew from public life and devoted himself to the publication of his works.

His lifestyle was considered benevolent. "... it is said that he used a foot-ass in Rome, which was so used that he stood still from himself when he met a beggar who asked his master about something and did not leave until such an Almosy got " (Jöcher I, Sp 681).

Azpilcueta's most famous student was the canonist and humanist Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva (1512–1577), but the Portuguese lawyers Arias Pinelo , Francisco Sarmiento and Pedro de Deza (1520–1600) were among his students.

meaning

Azpilcueta, with other representatives of the School of Salamanca , played an important role in conveying natural law theological ideas to secular jurisprudence . For example, in criminal law he took up the theological concept of the guilt punishment by Alfonso de Castro .

Through his work Comentario Resolutorio de Cambios (1556) Azpilcueta also founded the theory of the amount of money and thus made an important contribution to the classical economics of the 18th century ( Adam Smith ). His "views on the functions of money and interest, his analysis of the different exchange transactions entitle us to consider the work as an important milestone in the history of economic thought" (Grice-Hutchinson). His suggestion that Spain should create more value in its own country to increase its own prosperity was heard in practice.

Works

Manuale de 'confessori , 1584 (Milano, Fondazione Mansutti )
  • Consiliorum seu responsorum libri V. This collection of reports reflects Azpilcueta's enormous importance in the practice of ecclesiastical courts.
  • Manual de Confesores y Penitentes or Enchiridion sive manuale confessariorum, & poenitentium . This confessional manual, which first appeared in Spanish in 1553 and was supplemented by Additiones in 1569 , is likely to be Azpilcueta's main work.
  • De Usura et Simonía (On usury and buying offices, 1569)
  • Comentario Resolutorio de Cambios (1556). Important work for economics.
  • Comments on ecclesiastical criminal law: De lege poenali fragmentum - Commentarius in septem distinctiones de poenitentia.- De furto notabili, et de homicidio casuali. - De simonia mentali. - De necessitate defendendi proximum ab injuria - Commentarius de finibus humanorum actionum .
  • Comments on canonical inheritance and family law: Commentarius in c. inter verba, 11.q 3. - De regularibus commentarii. - Commentarius de alienatione rerum Ecclesiasticarum in princip. & glos. summa .-- Commentarius de spoliis clericorum super c. non liceat papa, ead. cau .-- Commentarius resolutivus de usuris. - Commentarius de reditibus beneficiorum ecclesasticorum, una cum propugnaculo apologiae eiusdem libri. great c. quoniam quicquid .-- Commentarius in c. humanae aures 22 q 5. - Relectiones de rescriptis. - Commentarius in rubrucam de iudiciis & relectio in iisdem. - Relectio de restitutione spoliatorum. - Relectio in cap. ita quorundam de Iudaeis.- Commentarius de datis & promissis pro iustitia vel gratia obtinendis. - De incompatibilitate beneficiorum. - De eleemosyna .
  • Writings on worship: Commentarius de oratione, horis canonicis, atque diis divinis officiis. - Miscellanea de oratione, praesertim Rosario beatae Mariae. - Commentarius de silentio in divinis officiis. - Commentarius de anno Jubilaeo et indulgentiis omnibus
  • De musica et cantu figurato . Music theory writing.

Azpilcueta's works were published in complete editions in Rome, Lyon and Venice (1598) after his death.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Azpilcueta, Martin de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Azpilcueta Jaureguizar, Martin de; Azpilicueta, Martin de; Aspilcueta, Martin de; Doctor navarrus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish theologian, church lawyer and economist
DATE OF BIRTH December 13, 1492
PLACE OF BIRTH Barásoain , Navarre
DATE OF DEATH June 21, 1586
Place of death Rome