Martin von Lorenz

Martin von Lorenz (born September 7, 1748 in Blons , Vorarlberg ; † April 24, 1828 in Vienna ) was an ennobled (1807) imperial councilor and cabinet advisor for church matters and teaching.

Life

The son of a court clerk studied at Italian universities and was in Chur for priests ordained. After a time at the Vienna General Seminar, he became a lecturer in academic and spiritual matters in Graz and, in 1787, director of the Vienna General Seminar. Under Emperor Franz I he was a State Councilor for 27 years. He was a staunch advocate of Josephinism .

plant

He was the rector of the Alma Mater Rudolphina in Vienna .

Under his responsibility, compulsory schooling was introduced in Austria from 1774 under Empress Maria Theresa .

The state school system in the Archduchy and the Crown Lands came into being under the reign of Maria Theresa . In the course of the Enlightenment, the regent realized that the people of the state are the bearers of the state and that power could only be maintained with the help of an educated population.

Johann Ignaz von Felbiger , whose teaching methods and books were already recognized at that time, drafted new school regulations, the so-called “General School Regulations for the German Normal, Secondary and Trivial Schools in all of the Imperial Royal Hereditary Countries”. These school regulations were signed by Maria Theresa on December 6, 1774, whereby Austria played a pioneering role in the state education system in terms of area, but Prussia had already preceded it in 1717 and 1763. Quite apart from these two countries, however, general compulsory schooling is already included in the Württemberg Great Church Ordinance of 1559.

With Maria Theresa's new school regulations, six years of compulsory teaching were enforced in the elementary school, uniform textbooks had to be used from now on, and teacher training was regulated. The education of women was neglected. Technical or middle schools were closed to them.

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Lorenz, Martin von . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 16th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1867, p. 43 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Claudia Helbok: Important Vorarlbergers. 30 life pictures from a series (= Dornbirner Studiohefte. 2). ORF regional studio Vorarlberg, Dornbirn 1967, p. 23 f.
• Vodka:  Lorenz Martin von. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 5, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1972, p. 318.