Maslen nos
Coordinates: 42 ° 18 ′ 27.1 ″ N , 27 ° 47 ′ 32.4 ″ E
Maslen nos ( Bulgarian Маслен нос ) is a cape on the Black Sea , in southeastern Bulgaria . Maslen nos is the southernmost point of the Burgas Bay .
location
This cape is the most southeastern point of the Meden rid range of hills . The range of hills is bounded in the west by the river Rosen and extends in the east to the Black Sea, including the coast of the bay Tschengene Skele in the north to Cape Maslen nos in the south. Its highest peak Bakarlaka (376 m; ⊙ ) is west of Sozopol. Immediately before Cape Maslen nos, the Ropotamo River penetrates the range of hills. The Meden rid is part of the Strandschagebirge , which ends on the cape in a peninsula (north-south extent: approx. 4 km; east-west extent approx. 3 km) and protrudes into the Black Sea.
Immediately at the cape, a steep rocky coast drops into the sea. Viewed from the north, Maslen nos is reminiscent of the outline of a lion's head - not to be confused with the rock formation “lion's head” on the Ropotamo river.
The Sveti Nikola chapel stands on the cape . Cape Karaultasch lies two kilometers further north of Maslen nos.
Surname
The Cape Maslen nos (German roughly: "Olive Oil Cape") was already notorious in the time of the Greeks for the fact that many ships were smashed against the pointed rocks and sank there. The cargo on these ships consisted to a large extent of amphorae with olive oil, which then clearly emerged from the destroyed ships. Hence the name Maslen nos (maslo = fat, oil; nos = nose, cape).
During the 500-year rule of the Ottoman Empire over the region of today's Bulgaria, the cape was called Zeytin burnu , which means “olive oil cape” in Turkish and even explicitly referred to olive oil and not generally to oil, like the Bulgarian word “maslo”.
- Zeytin (Turkish) = Зехтин (Bulgarian; transcription: Sechtin; borrowed from Persian) = olive oil;
- burnu (Turkish) = nos (Bulgarian) = nose, chap.
The old Turkish name Zeytin burnu should not be confused with the Zeytinburnu district in Istanbul .
The term "Cape Malsen nos" (English "Cape Maslen nos") or "Nos Malsen nos" (abbreviated: "N. Maslen nos"), which can be found in some atlases, is an incorrect name duplication, since "nos" is the Bulgarian word for "cape" is. “Cape Malsen nos” would mean “Cape oily Cape”. There is also the wrong translation of “Butter Cape”.
lighthouse
Nothing has been handed down from antiquity and the Middle Ages about a lighthouse on Maslen nos. Because of its exposed position, the cape was certainly used as a navigation aid in ancient times.
The first information can be found in a bulletin of the lighthouse authority in Istanbul from December 6, 1863. It gives the coordinates of a constant red beacon on the cape. The height of the fire above sea level was 10 m and the visibility 6 NM. This “lighthouse” probably looked exactly like the lighthouses on the Cape of Varna and on the island of Sweta Anastasia . This means that it consisted of an iron pole on which a red lamp was placed when it was dark.
The Julius Pintsch company built a new lighthouse on the Cape in 1930, which is still there today and is in service. Optics from Julius Pintsch are mounted on the lighthouse and run on gas.
The lighthouse is located 7 km northeast of Primorsko . Its height above the water is 37.5 m above sea level. It has a range of 17 nautical miles (NM). Every 17.2 s it sends out three white flashes (each lasting 0.4 seconds; flashes). In between there is a pause of four, four and eight seconds. The lighthouse is a white, 6 m high (with the pedestal for the optics: 7.5 m high) round stone tower with a gallery. The optics were switched on manually and turned by a motor (a small membrane gas motor) that used the gas pressure of the luminous gas before it burned in the burner of the beacon. From July 25, 1932, the gas automat was switched to acetylene .
Next to the lighthouse is the lighthouse keeper's one-story house (a room with a kitchen). In the small bay, which is located south of the cape, a small concrete quay was built 500 m from the lighthouse so that motor boats could dock. For many years the lighthouse was supplied with fuel and food from the sea, as the lighthouse was completely cut off from the hinterland, especially in winter.
To the south of the lighthouse, a square, 3 m high, stone building was built in 1937, on which a bronze fog bell was placed to warn ships in fog. The drive mechanism for the bell was housed in the stone building. It had to be wound up and started manually. The bell then rang twice every 9 seconds for two hours. after each gong there was a pause of 3 s or 6 s. For the next 25 years the facility and the lighthouse at the cape remained unchanged.
The need for a radio beacon required a fundamental modernization of the system at Maslen nos. Above all, a power line had to be laid to the lighthouse.
When 6 radio beacons were set up on the Bulgarian and Romanian Black Sea coasts in 1961, one was here.
The 6 radio beacons were on the following capes:
- Cape Kaliakra
- Snake island
- Sveti Georgi
- Constana
- Cape Emine
- Cape Maslen nos
These 6 radio beacons transmitted their signals (including identification) one after the other for one minute each, so that the sequence of all radio beacons was repeated every 6 minutes.
From 1961 the radio beacon sent out the letters "MN" in 24-hour operation. The old optics of the lighthouse have been electrified. In 1968 the optics were replaced by a modern M-300 electrical optic. The old optics have been on display at the Warne Naval Museum (Bulgarian Военноморски музей Варна) since 1977. In 2005 the lighthouse received the new M-500 optics.
Underwater archeology
Bulgarian underwater archeology began in 1960 in the small bay immediately southwest of the cape; The leader of the expedition was Ivan Galabow (Bulgarian Иван Гълъбов). the archaeological finds showed that in this small bay, which was in the lee of the prevailing wind direction, as early as the 6th century BC. Small ships took refuge. There are numerous finds from late antiquity and the Middle Ages (5th to 14th centuries)
Primorsko
The cape is located near the town of Primorsko , which is further south, 5 km as the crow flies from the cape. There are extensive sandy beaches in Primorsko and the surrounding area.
Ropotamo
The mouth of the Ropotamo River is 5 km northwest of the cape. At the mouth of the Ropotamo are the remains of a Roman city. The ancient city of Ranuli was also nearby . The Ropotamo River meanders through the Ropotamo Nature Reserve in the hinterland. Here it cuts into the slopes of the Strandschagebirge and has washed out huge boulders.
Beliktasch
The rest of the region around the peninsula and Cape Maslen nos, as well as around the Ropotamo River, has been inhabited since ancient times. The Thracian sanctuary of Begliktash (Bulgarian Беглик Таш) is located in the area of the Cape Peninsula , 200 m inland from the Cape, which was only discovered in 2003.
Perla
On the south side, 3.5 km from the cape, is the former government residence of Todor Schiwkow , which was built around 1980. Since around 1955 there has been a large campsite in the middle of a dense oak forest. Beliktash is two kilometers from Perla and one kilometer inland from the Black Sea. In the next few years, the south side of Maslen Nos will be built on as part of a large building project, which will then also have to give way to the former residence. The Ropotamo nature reserve is a little further west of this construction project.
fauna
Near the cape there is a cave that is difficult to access, the entrance of which can only be reached by boat or for swimmers. It is inhabited by approx. 3000 bats ( long-winged bat and approx. 100 large mouse-eared bats ).
Near the cape, on the Ostrak rock, there are oyster reefs that no longer contain live oysters. They consist of shells from dead European oysters .
There are also many snakes on the Cape.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ General information on the Sozopol municipality. Burgas Provincial Administration website, accessed June 6, 2012 (Bulgarian).
- ↑ Important Bird Areas: Bakarlaka. birdsinbulgaria.org, accessed June 8, 2012 .
- ^ Ivan Wenedikow : Megalitite v Trakija. Volume 1, Verlag Nauka i Izkostvo, Sofia, 1976, pp. 128-131.
- ↑ blacksea-commission.org ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
