Sweta Anastasia
| Sweta Anastasia | ||
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| Waters |
Burgas Bay , Black Sea |
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| Geographical location | 42 ° 28 '5 " N , 27 ° 33' 11" E | |
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| length | 193 m | |
| width | 69 m | |
| surface | 1 ha | |
| Highest elevation | 12 m | |
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Sweta Anastasia ( Bulgarian остров света Анастасия , Ostrow sweta Anastasija ) is a small Bulgarian island in the Black Sea , only about one hectare in size, and belongs to the urban area of Burgas . It is the only inhabited Bulgarian sea island and is located in the Bay of Burgas , near the military port . The island has electricity and water supply. The island has the only surviving medieval island monastery in the Black Sea.
history
The history of the island is closely linked to the former monastery "Sweta Anastasia" on it. The name of the monastery gave the island its name. Like the entire coastal region, the medieval island monastery has repeatedly been the target of pirate attacks since the fall under Ottoman rule. The monastery was damaged several times and rebuilt. The French officer Lafitte-Clavé visited the monastery in 1784 and found Turkish units on the island, which had been stationed there against a possible attack by the Russian fleet. In 1802 the merchant from Kotel Chadschi Matej (founder of the Chadschipetrov family ) financed the repair of the monastery and the church "Sweti Kliment von Ohrid ".
With the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate by the Sultansferman in 1870 , the Bulgarian Orthodox Church regained its independence. Several places on the western Black Sea coast, including Burgas and the monastery "Sweta Anastasia", remained under the ecclesiastical authority of the Greek Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. From 1900 the Ecumenical Patriarchate handed over the last churches and monasteries to the Bulgarian Church after long protests. The official handover took place on August 15, 1901. This did not happen peacefully everywhere; the Greek hegumen of the “Sweta Anastasia” monastery wanted to sell the church treasure beforehand . This attempt led to unrest in Burgas and only through the intervention of the Bulgarian government could pogroms against the Greek population by Macedonian Bulgarians be prevented. However, the monastery and the associated monastery church were given up in early 1923.
After the coup on June 9, 1923 against the government of the Peasant People's League, the former monastery was turned into a prison by the new government under Aleksandar Zankow . In the second half of 1923, 132 members of the Peasant People's Union and, after the September uprising of the Bulgarian Communist Party, also communist prisoners were held on the island . The poor supply situation on the island and the associated costs caused the government to close the prison in the same year. Little by little, some of the prisoners were released and some were transferred to the Burgas prison.
After the bomb attack on the Sveta Nedelya Cathedral in April 1925 by the Bulgarian communists, the island was again turned into a prison. This time, too, the government locked up mainly members of the Bulgarian Communist Party, with over 90 prisoners locked in just four cells. On July 29th, 43 of them managed to escape from the island to the nearby Cape Atija. They were able to flee to the Soviet Union via the Strandscha Mountains and Istanbul . The majority of those who fled, however, perished during the Stalin purges . In their honor, the island was renamed Bolshevik Island (bulg. Остров Болшевик ) after the Communist Party came to power in Bulgaria in 1945 . During the "Pontos 73" expedition, part of the island and the surrounding waters were archaeologically examined. In the 1980s, the former prison became a museum. After the country was democratized with the fall of the Iron Curtain, the island got its original name back.
Today the monastery is again administered by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church . There is also a lighthouse , some places to stay, a restaurant and a quay on the Sweta Anastasia Island . The island can be reached by regular boat traffic from Burgas . In the future, the island is to be developed even better for tourism by building attractions.
movie theater
The Bulgarian film director Rangel Waltschanow dedicated a film in 1958 ("On the small island") to the prisoners' uprising of 1925.
In August 2010, parts of the film Ostrowat (bulg. Островът, to Ger. Die Insel, inter alia with Thure Lindhardt and Laetitia Casta ) by the Bulgarian director Kamen Kalew were shot on the island.
literature
- Ivan Karajotow , Stojan Rajtschewski, Mitko Ivanov: История на Бургас. От древността до средата на ХХ век. (on German about the history of the city of Burgas. From antiquity to the middle of the 20th century.) Verlag Tafprint OOD, Plovdiv, 2011, ISBN 978-954-92689-1-1 , pp. 235-236
- Ivan Karajotow: Единственият островен манастир в България (in German: The only island monastery in Bulgaria), In Tschernomorski Far , issue 27. – 30. December 2012, p. 18
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ History of the city of Burgas. (No longer available online.) Spiritofburgas.web244.com, archived from the original on January 19, 2012 ; Retrieved November 28, 2011 (Bulgarian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Ivan Karajotow: The only island monastery in Bulgaria
- ^ After the complaint of the Greek Metropolitan of Anchialo in the Filipopolis newspaper , issue 30 of July 27, 1901; Karajotow / Rajtschewski / Iwanow: p. 199
- ↑ Karajotow / Rajtschewski / Iwanow: p. 190
- ↑ a b c Karajotow / Rajtschewski / Iwanow: pp. 235–236
- ↑ The Island in the database ww.imdb.de
