Mathematical Markup Language

Mathematical Markup Language
File extension :	.mml
MIME type :	text / mathml
Developed by:	World Wide Web Consortium
Extended by:	XML
Expanded to:	OMDoc
Standard (s) :	MathML 1.01 , MathML 2.0 , MathML 3.0

The Mathematical Markup Language ( MathML ) is a document format for representing mathematical formulas and complex expressions. The MathML 2.0 standard is defined by a specification of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) from 2001. MathML 3.0 has been a W3C recommendation since October 2010. As in all XML languages ​​(e.g. XHTML ), in MathML the contents of a document are stored in a logical structure regardless of their graphic design. MathML is an integral part of HTML5 and has been an ISO standard since 2015 (ISO / IEC DIS 40314).

Partial languages

MathML consists of two sub-languages ​​that can be used together:

• Content MathML only describes the structure of a formula, i.e. which functions or operators are applied to which variables or values. In this format, the meaning ( semantics ) of a formula can be better understood.
• Presentation MathML is more oriented towards the graphic design of a formula. Although it does not prescribe the exact design of a formula, it does prescribe the arrangement and order of the symbols.

Browser support

As of version 9.5, Opera largely supports MathML. Opera uses CSS in connection with SVG for display. Browsers such as Mozilla Firefox that use Gecko version 1.8 or higher (released 2005) support important parts of MathML. With Firefox 5.0, support for MathML was further expanded. From Safari MathML is supported in Version 5.1. Google Chrome temporarily supported MathML in version 24 (released in January 2013), but with version 25 MathML was deactivated again. The Internet Explorer does not support MathML, it must be the MathPlayer- plug-in be installed.

Machining

MathML is considered unwieldy for manual editing among mathematicians and other interested users, so that only programs are used for generation. The syntax makes it difficult or impossible to format it using CSS . This is why the tried and tested LaTeX typesetting system is often used to create mathematical documents . On the other hand, there are more and more programs that describe formulas on the basis of MathML.

Related standards

OpenMath was developed in large part by the same people who developed Content MathML to better describe the semantics of formulas. In contrast to Content MathML, it does not have a fixed set of functions and operators, but can be expanded to include new symbols.

OMDoc was developed to write down larger mathematical structures than formulas: statements such as definitions, sentences, proofs or examples, up to theories and textbooks. Formulas in OMDoc can be written in both Content MathML and OpenMath; for presentation they can be converted to Presentation MathML.

MathML software (selection)

• Amaya Editor / Browser
• GNU TeXmacs
• LibreOffice Math

Web links

• Official specification of MathML 2.0 (English)
• Official specification of MathML 3.0 (English)
• MathML book online at data2type (English)
• MathML software overview
• Mozilla Editor / Browser
• AsciiMath , produces MathML from ASCII and / or LaTeX
• W3C MathML Test Suite 2.0 , with which the ability to represent MathML can be tested online
• MathML association , non-profit organization promoting MathML

Individual evidence

1. ^ Mathematical Markup Language 1.01 Specification. 7.1.3 Invoking Embedded Objects as Renderers. W3C, July 7, 1999, accessed March 24, 2017 . 
2. ↑ ISO / IEC 40314: 2016 ( English ) International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
3. ^ Tommy A. Olsen: Even more work. Opera Desktop Team on November 16, 2007, archived from the original on November 18, 2007 ; accessed on September 26, 2010 (English). 
4. ↑ Ingo Pakalski: Opera 9.5 is ready. Golem.de, June 12, 2008, p. 2 , accessed on September 26, 2010 . 
5. ↑ Charles McCathieNevile: Can Kestrels do math? MathML support in Opera Kestrel. In: Dev.Opera. Opera Software ASA, September 27, 2007; accessed September 26, 2010 . 
6. ^ Math ML. mozilla developer center, accessed September 26, 2010 . 
7. ↑ Frank: iTunes 10.4 and Safari 5.1 are here. (No longer available online.) Igadget-news.de, formerly in the original ; Retrieved November 9, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
8. ↑ Jens Ihlenfeld: Chrome-24-Beta is faster and brings new web technology. Golem.de, accessed on November 9, 2012 . 
9. ^ Jason Blevins: MathML and Chrome: On Again, Off Again. Retrieved April 30, 2013 . 
10. ^ MathPlayer. Design Science, accessed on March 24, 2017 (English, free plug-in for Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher).